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A Taiwanese study has established an association between bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and prior diagnosis of urinary stones. The study authors suggest that stones initiate a process that results in BPS. An alternative hypothesis is that patients with BPS are more likely to undergo imaging, revealing incidental stones.
Aberrant epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in impaired spermatogenesis, abnormal semen parameters and idiopathic male fertility. This Review covers the unique features of sperm chromatin, the methods used to analyse epigenetics in sperm and the possible roles of the sperm epigenome in early embryo development and assisted reproduction.
In this Review, Furtado and colleagues evaluate the different treatment approaches available to patients with gender dysphoria secondary to congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other disorders of sex development.
In this Review, Ochodnicky and colleagues discuss the clinical and experimental evidence that supports a role for neurotrophins in the neural control of bladder function and in the emergence of lower urinary tract symptoms related to overactive bladder (OAB) and bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. They also consider the potential utility of neurotrophins as urinary biomarkers for improving the accuracy of OAB diagnosis and monitoring therapy efficacy, and review proof-of-principle clinical evidence that confirms nerve growth factor as a potential target in the treatment of bladder disorders.
A consensus definition for urinary intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) is lacking. As a result, studies evaluating the success of any treatment for ISD are difficult to interpret. In this Review, Shah and Gaunay examine surgical and nonsurgical treatments, and the outcomes, for type III stress urinary incontinence caused by ISD.
In this Review, Boyd and colleagues provide a comprehensive overview of the complex genetic landscape of prostate cancer and the extensive heterogeneity that defines this disease. In addition, they discuss the clinical utility of genomics data.
