A Taiwanese study has established an association between bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and prior diagnosis of urinary stones. The study authors suggest that stones initiate a process that results in BPS. An alternative hypothesis is that patients with BPS are more likely to undergo imaging, revealing incidental stones.
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Warren, J. Do urinary calculi increase risk of bladder pain syndrome?. Nat Rev Urol 9, 607–608 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2012.184
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2012.184
