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Some chemotherapeutic agents can induce distinct mutational signatures in healthy cells in patients with cancer. The effect of such mutational signatures on spermatogenesis is not fully understood but is of great clinical importance for counselling patients diagnosed with cancer planning to start a family after treatment.
In this Review, the authors summarize current advances in our understanding of the roles of stroma and associated extracellular matrix during bladder cancer development, describing the bladder tumour microenvironment and introducing the concept of the metastatic tumour microenvironment.
The three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis offers an excellent treatment option for some men with erectile dysfunction, but implant surgery is not without surgical risks and can carry additional cosmetic and psychosocial consequences in poorly selected and consented individuals. In this Consensus Statement, an international group of key opinion leaders and high-volume prosthetic surgeons review the current guidelines and clinical evidence and present their expert consensus regarding patient selection, technique and complications of inflatable penile prosthesis surgery.
In this Review, the authors discuss racial differences in the prevalence of genetic mutations in the main molecular drivers of prostate cancer and provide input regarding the role of genomics in racial disparities observed in prostate cancer outcomes.
In this Perspective, the authors discuss the past, present and future of PSA screening for the early detection of aggressive prostate cancer and propose a way forward for the rational use of PSA testing as part of a risk-adapted screening strategy.
