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Incidence and mortality disparities between males and females exist in many diseases including bladder cancer, but the mechanisms remain unclear. To adequately address this issue, researchers must design experiments appropriately, appreciate that sex and gender are not synonymous concepts and understand that the role of both sex and gender in disease need to be elucidated.
Estimation of post-surgery future glomerular filtration rate (fGFR) is crucial for the oncological management of patients with renal cell carcinoma or urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. A new and simple formula for calculating fGFR has been published and should be included in future guidelines for personalized treatment of patients to guide decisions on surgery, systemic therapies and optimal sequence of treatment.
The BIONIKK trial is the first prospective biomarker-driven randomized trial in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This trial demonstrates the feasibility of using a transcriptomic biomarker that reflects intrinsic disease biology to optimize treatment efficacy and shows that all patients might not require combination treatment.
In this Review, Joshi and colleagues describe the immune landscape of penile cancer, examine existing and novel immune-based therapeutic targets, and discuss the future directions of immune-based therapies in penile cancer based on preclinical and clinical studies.
In this Review, the authors discuss the current evidence for the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET and whole-body (WB) MRI, consider the evolving use of PSMA PET-derived and WB MRI-derived quantitative biomarkers and make recommendations for future clinical trials of these modalities.
In this Perspective, the authors discuss the complex links among inflammation, dysbiosis, ageing and cancer, examining data that suggest that ageing and inflammation can promote bladder cancer development, how ageing might lead to or promote dysbiosis, and how dysbiosis could influence treatment response.
