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Malnutrition is a potentially modifiable factor that is associated with considerable morbidity and is prevalent in patients with bladder cancer who are treated with radical cystectomy. Studies suggest a role for immuno-nutrition in optimizing patients’ nutritional status before undergoing this procedure, with the goal of improving patient outcomes.
Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global health problem, and the development of a vaccine is considered essential for the effective control of gonorrhoea. The use of outer membrane vesicle vaccines to prevent N. gonorrhoeae infection has garnered considerable interest, and a recent study using a mouse model of experimental gonococcal infections adds support for this approach.
In this Review, Stewart and Baeten discuss the successes and challenges of pre-exposure prophylaxis to date, its place as part of robust strategies to reduce HIV infections, the rising rates of curable sexually transmitted diseases and their relationship with HIV prevention, and future directions for synergies in pre-exposure prophylaxis and sexually transmitted disease prevention.
In this Review, the authors describe current sperm selection methods and the advances in selection technologies for assisted reproductive techniques, highlighting their mechanisms of selection, advantages, limitations and clinical outcomes. They also propose a conceptual sperm selection model that uses multiple selection mechanisms.
Trials evaluating novel therapies in the neoadjuvant setting must have clearly defined study elements and appropriately selected end points to ensure the applicability of the trial and enable interpretation of the study results. In this Perspectives, the authors describe the findings of a public workshop jointly sponsored by the US Food and Drug Administration and the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network, which discussed key elements and end points when designing trials of neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
COVID-19 has been shown to be associated with a higher mortality rate in men than in women. In this Perspectives article, the authors posit that this disparity is due to a failure to invest in men’s health and discuss the biological, social and economic factors that have contributed to the sex disparities in mortality from COVID-19, as well as considering how a streamlined men’s health programme with the urologist in a central role could address these issues.
