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Diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis are presently based on unsupported assumptions and a nonvalidated classification scheme. Here, Richard Alexander summarizes research by the Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network that challenges the assumptions and indicates that ongoing empiric administration of antimicrobial drugs to men with long-standing prostatitis should be abandoned.
Hollenbeck and Montie discuss the potential benefits and pitfalls of early extirpative surgery for T1 bladder cancer. The authors identify risk factors that, in their opinion, should prompt clinicians to consider radical cystectomy rather than a more conservative regimen of resection, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
The prognosis for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is poor and systemic therapies are generally ineffective. This review discusses the contribution that trials such as those from SWOG and EORTC have made in advancing our understanding of the value of surgical intervention, in combination with systemic therapies, in the treatment of metastatic RCC.
Botulinum toxin is under investigation as a treatment for a variety of urologic disorders. This evidence-based review objectively analyses the data on these off-label uses of botulinum toxin. Although most of the available data relates to uses in neurogenic bladder disorders, other applications in the bladder, urethra and prostate gland are discussed.
There are no optimal management strategies for children born with ambiguous genitalia, but careful evaluation of infants is important to ensure accurate diagnosis. When making treatment and management decisions a multidisciplinary approach is essential in order to fully consider the options available for the child. Evaluation and management of intersex conditions are discussed in this review.
Ureteral stents are essential urologic tools with a wide range of indications. The search for a biocompatible stent material that is easy to maneuver with fewer associated complications continues. This review discusses available sent materials and highlights advances that are leading to the development of more suitable materials and designs.
