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Sterile inflammation triggered by activation of the innate immune system is an important driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated cardiovascular disease. Here, Speer et al. summarize current understanding of the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CKD and CKD-associated cardiovascular disease, and how these insights may translate into novel therapeutic strategies.
In this Review, the authors summarize the challenges associated with the care of patients with kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. They describe the major challenges and missed opportunities, global inequalities in health care, and offer a framework for future pandemic preparedness.
Effective vaccination strategies are crucial to mitigate the high risk of infection-associated morbidity and mortality in patients with kidney failure. Here, the authors examine vaccine-induced immunity in these patients, in particular their responses to COVID-19 vaccination, in the context of the immune impairment induced by kidney dysfunction and the use of immunosuppressive medications.
Considerable research and investment have focused on the use of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) in nephrology. However, systematic collection of ePROs to inform the care of patients with chronic kidney disease remains sporadic. A change in culture is needed to encourage their wider adoption in clinical practice.
In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the roles of miRNAs in the development of chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury and allograft injury. They also discuss the utilization of miRNAs as biomarkers and their potential as therapeutic targets in kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often well advanced before it is detected. Although polygenic scores may enable the early stratification of patients at risk of CKD, the transferability of polygenic scores for the prediction of CKD to populations of non-European ancestry was limited. A new cross-ancestry polygenic score for CKD overcomes these issues, demonstrating good performance across ancestries.
Cellular senescence has beneficial functions in embryonic development, wound healing and tumour suppression but can also be maladaptive, contributing to cancer development and disease. This Review describes the mechanisms, hallmarks and consequences of senescence, as well as the therapeutic potential of senescence-targeting interventions.
Kidney disease is an underappreciated medical complication of anorexia nervosa. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms that drive kidney disease in patients who restrict caloric intake or engage in purging. Education and awareness are also needed, because kidney disease is often under-recognized by these patients and their clinicians.
Two recent randomized trials provide evidence to guide the management of sepsis. The CLASSIC trial reports that restrictive fluid therapy has no mortality benefit compared to a standard regimen in patients with septic shock, whereas the LOVIT trial reports that high-dose intravenous vitamin C might be harmful in patients with severe sepsis.
Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis in which RIPK3 is activated by binding to RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM)-containing proteins. Now, researchers describe a non-canonical pathway of RIPK3 activation that is triggered by osmotic stress and NHE1-mediated cytosol alkalinization. This previously undescribed mechanism of osmotic stress-induced necroptosis might have implications for treating cancer and other diseases.
Indigenous Māori experience inequitably high rates of kidney failure and lower rates of kidney transplant, pre-emptive procedures and home dialysis when compared to the New Zealand population as a whole. Prevention strategies in primary care, cultural safety training and routine clinical audit for renal practitioners alongside Indigenous people in governance, management and the clinical workforce would greatly improve Māori outcomes.
Alloimmune T cell responses have a crucial role in graft rejection. Here, the authors examine the factors that regulate T cell activation, differentiation and function in secondary lymphoid organs and in the graft, including the different pathways of allorecognition, innate–adaptive immunity crosstalk and the role of survival cytokines.
