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During periods of energy stress, glycolytic enzymes become localized near synaptic release sites and are crucial for maintaining energy levels, the synaptic vesicle cycle and behaviour inCaenorhabditis elegans.
Primates have a functional network in frontal and parietal cortices that allows them to quantify the number of elements in a stimulus; that is, its numerosity or cardinality. In this Review, Andreas Nieder examines how neurons in this network process cardinal numbers.
A nucleotide repeat expansion (NRE) within the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene is linked to multiple neurological conditions. Rothstein and colleagues evaluate the evidence indicating that the NRE causes a loss of C9orf72 function or drives toxic gain-of-function mechanisms and consider the cellular defects through which the mutation drives disease pathology.
The aetiologies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex and involve both genetic and environmental influences. In this Review, Annie Vogel Ciernia and Janine LaSalle discuss how genome-wide studies have revealed dynamic complexities in DNA-methylation patterns in the developing brain that might contribute to ASD.
One of the greatest challenges in treating addiction is preventing relapse during abstinence. In this Review, Marina Wolf discusses rodent models of cocaine craving that reveal the synaptic plasticity that occurs in reward-related brain regions during the abstinence phase.
Several brain regions and physiological processes have been proposed to constitute the neural correlates of consciousness. In this Review, Koch and colleagues discuss studies that distinguish the neural correlates of consciousness from other neural processes that precede, accompany or follow it, and suggest that the neural correlates of consciousness are localized to posterior cortical regions.
