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During mitosis, cells distribute their genetic material to two daughter cells. The attachment of chromosomes to the spindle, and their ensuing congression to the spindle equator, are emerging as the most important aspects for maintaining genomic fidelity during mitosis.
The protein kinase C (PKC) family has been increasingly implicated in the organization of signal propagation, particularly in the spatial distribution of signals. Examples of where and how various PKC isoforms direct this tier of signal organization are becoming more evident.
Protein synthesis is regulated at the initiation stage. Determining the structures and activities of initiation factors, and mapping their interactions in ribosomal initiation complexes, has advanced our understanding of translation initiation and provided a foundation for studying its regulation.
The swinging lever arm model of myosin movement was challenged by myosin VI, which takes larger steps along actin filaments than its structure seems to allow. Myosin VI achieves this by using a 180° lever arm swing and special structural features in its tail.
The tumour suppressor breast and ovarian cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) is integral for the maintenance of genome stability through its roles in cell cycle checkpoint control and DNA repair. Recent studies have revealed the presence of BRCA1 complexes with distinct roles in the DNA damage response.
A contractile ring of actin filaments and myosin II generates the force that constricts the cleavage furrow of animal cells, leading to cytokinesis. Studies in fission yeast have increased our understanding of the mechanisms of cytokinesis, which are likely to be conserved in other organisms.
