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The suppression of homologous recombination in G1 depends on BRCA1–PALB2–BRCA2 complex formation at sites of damage. In mitosis, DNA repair factors prevent the formation of DNA damage by facilitating mitotic replication.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is typically associated with protein biogenesis. However, recent studies suggest that it additionally synchronizes and regulates a plethora of intracellular events owing to its ability to form tight membrane associations, so-called membrane contact sites (MCSs), with other organelles.
ADAR enzymes convert adenosine to inosine (A-to-I editing) at numerous double-stranded Alu repeats in human transcripts, thereby affecting many cellular processes. Primary microRNAs (miRNAs) are also edited, and ADAR1 directly interacts with Dicer, resulting in the modulation of miRNA expression and activity and of downstream gene expression programmes during embryogenesis.
Collective cell migration has a crucial role during morphogenesis, wound healing and tissue renewal, and it is involved in cancer spreading. Recent studies highlight the importance of intercellular communication in this process: migration is driven by leader cells at the front, and follower cells communicate between them and with the leaders to improve the efficiency of collective movement.
Learning more about the biochemistry of protein prenylation (modification by isoprenoid lipids) and its functional effects on target CAAX proteins has provided opportunities for therapeutic intervention in a range of human diseases.
Members of the major facilitator superfamily are highly conserved transmembrane proteins that transport various small molecules, including nutrients, drugs, signalling molecules and waste products, across the plasma membrane. A novel model of their functional cycle provides insights into how these important transporters operate on the molecular level.
