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Nucleobase modifications are prevalent in eukaryotic mRNA and are broadly required for post-transcriptional gene regulation. The most studied mRNA modification is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), yet various other modifications are now being identified and studied. This Review discusses the emerging mechanisms and roles of these non-m6A modifications.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Edoardo José Longarini and Helen Dauben (from the Matić lab) describe the development and applications of mono-ADP-ribosylation antibodies and peptides.
Single-cell multi-omics methods are essential for characterizing cell states and types. The past decade has ushered in improvements in spatial resolution and computational data integration and in new omics modalities. Consequently, single-cell multi-omics have advanced fundamental and translational research, including, for example, in production of cell atlases and in tumour immunology therapeutics.
Subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes ‘bookmark’ cell-type specifying genes during mitosis to allow their timely reactivation upon mitosis exit.
Actin is most frequently associated with cell migration and shape control. However, actin has a multitude of other cellular roles, including regulating the function and dynamics of organelles. This Review discusses a plethora of actin functions in mitochondrial biology.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Nouf Laqtom (at the Abu-Remaileh lab) describes the LysoIP system used to tag and isolate lysosomes for multi-omic approaches and to determine their composition under physiological and pathological states.
Quality control of misfolded glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) does not occur through ER-associated degradation, as the lipid anchor precludes retrotranslocation across the ER membrane. Instead, different organisms have developed distinct solutions to prevent the accumulation of misfolded GPI-APs.
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes, which connect regulatory DNA elements, form chromatin loops and hold together sister chromatids, are required for accurate chromosome segregation and of control transcription, replication and DNA repair. It has recently become clear that SMC complexes also control nuclear organization by counteracting clustering between similar chromatin regions.
Skeletal muscles show high metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity in their response to different exercise modalities. Recent findings have advanced our understanding of signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate muscle adaptation to exercise and their impact on muscle physiology.
Transport of the developmental mRNA oskar to its destination at the posterior pole of the Drosophila embryo relies on the two dsRNA-binding proteins Egalitarian and Staufen that promote switching between the motor proteins dynein and kinesin.
A new study collaboratively delivered by Valentina Greco’s and Smita Krishnaswamy’s labs provides new insight into patterns of calcium signalling in epithelial tissues using intravital imaging of the basal layer of the mouse epidermis.
The eukaryotic genome is organized into topologically associating domains by cohesin and CTCF. Davidson et al. now reveal a role for DNA tension in the regulation of the CTCF–cohesin interaction to modulate domain boundaries.
Numerous databases collate data on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); Ma and Zhang describe their range and discuss their contribution to lncRNA research.
The discovery that peripheral organs such as the spleen support blood formation following radiation has inspired haematology research for over five decades.
