Volume 16 Issue 8, August 2016

The uptake of apoptotic corpses generates a molecular memory in macrophages that boosts the innate immune response.

Macrophages adjust their mitochondrial respiratory functions in response to viable bacteria.

Two studies identify bispecific antibodies that show broad and potent neutralization of HIV in mouse models.

Interferon-γ acts on inhibitory neurons to regulate social behaviour in mice

Gail Bishop describes a 1985 study by Antonio Lanzavecchia that changed our understanding of B cell–T cell interactions.

Production of neurotrophic factors by enteric glial cells controls IL-22 production by ILC3s for barrier defence.

The unfolded protein response pathway that is induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has important roles in immune cell development and function, which have led to new insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.

Oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) function as markers of oxidative damage of membrane lipids. This Review discusses the immune recognition of OSEs, as well as their role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and their contribution to the development of inflammatory diseases.

Combinatorial antibody libraries have emerged as powerful tools for generating therapeutic antibodies, which are some of the most successful drugs in the world today. This Review provides a brief overview of how these libraries are generated, before focusing on the immunological insights that have arisen from their study.

Comparing the immune responses to and immunopathogenesis of infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) provides insight into the distinct outcomes of each type of viral hepatitis.

In this Essay, Gérard Eberl presents a model of immunity that is based on an equilibrium between four types of immune response. Alteration of the internal or microbial environment leads to immune disequilibrium and determines immune protection or pathology.