Tolerance: Attack of the eTACs | PDF (135 KB)

p656 | doi:10.1038/nri2404

T cells: T_H1 cells do the twist | PDF (131 KB)

p657 | doi:10.1038/nri2412

Innate immunity: Catapulting DNA | PDF (167 KB)

p658 | doi:10.1038/nri2406

T cells: Sharing through a synapse | PDF (147 KB)

p658 | doi:10.1038/nri2407

Immune regulation: Tripping a tissue-specific switch | PDF (151 KB)

p659 | doi:10.1038/nri2398

T-cell responses: Killer control | PDF (395 KB)

p660 | doi:10.1038/nri2399

B-cell responses: Revising autoantibody responses | PDF (140 KB)

p660 | doi:10.1038/nri2408

Immune responses: Micromanaging stress | PDF (132 KB)

p661 | doi:10.1038/nri2403

HIV: Ironing out the causes of B-cell dysfunction | PDF (153 KB)

p662 | doi:10.1038/nri2401

The endoplasmic reticulum stress response in immunity and autoimmunity

Derrick J. Todd, Ann-Hwee Lee & Laurie H. Glimcher

p663 | doi:10.1038/nri2359

The unfolded-protein response (UPR) protects cells from stress induced by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. As discussed here, an important role for the UPR has recently been described in the immune system, dysregulation of which could potentially contribute to autoimmunity.

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T-cell activation by dendritic cells in the lymph node: lessons from the movies

Philippe Bousso

p675 | doi:10.1038/nri2379

Recent advances in imaging techniques have allowed researchers to 'spy' on T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) as they interact in intact lymph nodes. In this Review, Philippe Bousso discusses how these studies have provided new insights into the processes that underlie T-cell activation by DCs.

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Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage

J. Rodrigo Mora, Makoto Iwata & Ulrich H. von Andrian

p685 | doi:10.1038/nri2378

Vitamins have long been known to have an effect on the immune system. In this Review, the authors describe the effects of vitamins, particularly of vitamins A and D, on immune cells, and discuss how vitamins or their analogues might be applied for the therapy of immune-mediated diseases.

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Tailoring T-cell receptor signals by proximal negative feedback mechanisms

Oreste Acuto, Vincenzo Di Bartolo & Frédérique Michel

p699 | doi:10.1038/nri2397

This Review focuses on recently described regulatory mechanisms that fine-tune T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling. Such mechanisms, which are rapid and intrinsic to the TCR signalosome, may explain how the TCR can discriminate true ligands from background noise and induce an appropriate T-cell response.

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Formation and function of the lytic NK-cell immunological synapse

Jordan S. Orange

p713 | doi:10.1038/nri2381

The immunological synapse formed between a natural killer cell and its target cell facilitates the coordinated and directional delivery of lytic granules to the cell–cell interface. Jordan Orange describes how this occurs and discusses the insights gained from studies of human genetic diseases.

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Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease

Antonio Uccelli, Lorenzo Moretta & Vito Pistoia

p726 | doi:10.1038/nri2395

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in the clinic to treat some human conditions, but what effect do they have on the immune system? This article describes the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and discusses how these findings can be translated to the clinic.

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