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Transient skin inflammation in early life leads to the development of T helper 2 cell–fibroblast niches that alter wound repair responses and may drive fibrotic pathology later in life.
In this Review, Manabe and Heneka examine how the systemic inflammation associated with sepsis can lead to acute cerebral dysfunction known as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Moreover, they suggest that some of the mechanisms involved in SAE may be relevant for understanding the cognitive impairments that develop in some patients with COVID-19.
The renin–angiotensin, complement and kallikrein–kinin systems comprise a multitude of mediators that modulate physiological responses during inflammatory and infectious diseases. This Review investigates the complex interactions between these systems and how these are dysregulated in various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19, as well as their therapeutic implications.
Black In Immuno harnesses social media and digital platforms to connect Black immunologists with one another and with the rest of the scientific ecosystem. We invite you to join us, to connect with and amplify Black immunologists, and to contribute to creating a more inclusive and innovative biomedical community.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious chronic liver disorder of increasing prevalence worldwide. Metabolic by nature, the disease also mobilizes the immune system. Here, Huby and Gautier discuss current knowledge regarding how diverse immune cell subsets affect NASH onset and progression.
In this Review, Trim and Lynch provide an overview of the adipose tissue immune system and discuss the functional roles of adipose immune structures, as well as focusing on recently discovered ‘non-immune’ functions of adipose tissue immune cells.
Correspondence regarding the Review ‘Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?'
Genetic variants in apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) — present only in individuals of African ancestry — contribute to increased susceptibility to sepsis and COVID-19. APOL1 variants impair mitophagy in endothelial cells, allowing the release of mitochondrial DNA that activates inflammasome and nucleotide sensing pathways.
This Perspective chronicles the journey to the elimination of transmission of wild poliovirus in Africa, with a critical discussion of the global, continental, national and community actions that were required and the lessons learnt along the way.
This Review describes our current understanding of the functional and structural transitions that occurred during the evolution of the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1)–RAG2 (collectively RAG) recombinase, yielding a RAG recombinase in jawed vertebrates with tightly regulated cleavage activity and strongly suppressed transposition activity.
The term ‘type I interferonpathy’ was coined 10 years ago to describe rare genetic diseases that are caused by an aberrant upregulation of type I interferon signalling. Here, Crow and Stetson discuss our current understanding of the type I interferonpathies, 10 years on.
Individuals with asymptomatic COVID-19 can transmit the virus and may be at risk of long-term disease. In this Progress article, Boyton and Altman present current insights into immune responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and discuss the relevance of asymptomatic disease for public health strategies.
Here, John Kelton and colleagues provide an overview of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), a very rare complication that has been observed following vaccination with adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccines.
Besides neutralizing antibodies, viruses face a range of cell-intrinsic inhibitors that are specialized to limit virus entry into host cells. Majdoul and Compton describe the mechanisms of action of the cellular factors providing this important first line of defence against virus infection, including infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
