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Whether to administer purgative cleansing and oral antibiotics before colon surgery as a method to prevent postoperative infections, once standard of care, is now being considered unnecessary with today’s advancements of care. A new study questions the efficacy of this bowel preparation approach with a prospective randomized trial.
Multiple therapeutic approaches are being developed to achieve sustained, off-treatment suppression of HBV. In this Review, the authors examine T cell and B cell responses to HBV and the potential for immunotherapies to restore or release endogenous adaptive immunity by direct or indirect approaches.
Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of pancreatic cysts with different biological behaviours and variable risk of progression to malignancy. This Review summarizes the latest developments in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cysts, including the quality of available evidence.
In ulcerative colitis, treating beyond endoscopic healing has shown a reduction of relapse and hospitalization, pushing for histological remission to be embraced in clinical practice and clinical trials. Here, we propose the concept of disease clearance (symptomatic, endoscopic and histological remission) as the ultimate goal in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
There is an emerging understanding of the roles of intestinal gases, generated via chemical interactions or the microbial metabolism of dietary substrates, in gut homeostasis and pathophysiology. In this Review, the authors discuss these emerging data, highlighting links with dietary intake and new gas profiling methods.
Living donor liver transplantation is a proven option for end-stage liver disease. In a new study, a pioneering multi-organ transplantation programme in Canada critically reviews the motivations and facilitators of anonymous adult living liver donors over a 12-year period, providing insights into how we can push forward ethical living organ donation for transplantation.
Chronic HBV infection is a serious problem; few patients achieve the ultimate goal of hepatitis B surface antigen loss. This Review integrates findings from research in HBV infection kinetics and discusses how they can aid understanding and management of HBV infection.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. This Review provides a comprehensive summary of colorectal cancer epidemiology, with emphasis on modifiable lifestyle and nutritional factors, chemoprevention and screening.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This Review summarizes the epidemiology, risk factors (including viral hepatitis and NAFLD), molecular profiles and treatment of HCC, providing insights into how the global burden of HCC can be reduced.
During the metastatic process, cancer cells spread from the primary tumour to distant organs. Although metastases are the primary cause of cancer mortality, the dynamics of the metastatic process remain largely unknown. A new study suggests that during colorectal cancer progression, metastatic seeding might occur before clinical detectability.