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Glenn Cohen and Eli Adashi comment on the recommendations and limitations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on mitochondrial replacement therapies in light of recent legislative changes in the United States.
In this Review, the authors highlight the potential for efficacy genetics to drive drug development and guide treatment options. They argue for the integration of routine pharmacogenetic screening into clinical development and propose strategies for identifying efficacy loci for marketed drugs.
The observation that many, if not all, functional enhancers generate non-coding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) has raised critical questions regarding the potential biological roles of the enhancer transcription process and, indeed, of eRNAs. This article reviews fundamental insights into the inter-regulation of enhancers and promoters and discusses unresolved questions regarding the functional role of enhancers as transcription units in genome regulation.
Recent studies have revealed a ubiquitous role for genome architecture in the formation of structural variants at a given locus, both in DNA recombination-based and in DNA replication-based processes. These reports showcase the influence of repeat sequences on genomic stability and structural variant complexity and the tremendous plasticity and dynamic nature of our genome.
In this Review, the author discusses the extent to which adaptive convergence in protein function is caused by convergent or parallel changes at the amino acid level, and addresses questions about the repeatability and predictability of molecular evolution.
