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Treatment of thyroid cancer has not changed substantially for many years; however, few effective therapies are available for tumors that are metastatic or unable to take up radioiodine. The author of this Viewpoint, therefore, argues for the need to increase individual treatment efficacy through the introduction of novel targeted therapies.
Some studies have reported reduced secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, other studies have failed to find such an association. The evidence for, and against, reduced GLP-1 secretion in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is debated by the authors of this Viewpoint.
The prevalence of atherogenic forms of apolipoprotein B dyslipoproteinemias is high, but effective treatments are available. Quick, accurate diagnosis is, therefore, essential to providing the best care. In this Review an algorithm is proposed to help distinguish between disease subtypes, based on simple parameters that may be measured by low-cost tests widely available in clinical laboratories.
Macrophages have important roles in the complex relationship between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance that are determined by whether they are classically or alternatively activated by T-helper-1 or T-helper-2 cytokines, respectively. The former leads to insulin resistance and the latter to protection against this condition. This Review discusses this crosstalk between the immune and metabolic systems.
Aquaporin subtypes 7 and 9 have vital roles in the control of glycerol channels in adipocytes and hepatocytes, and thereby the balance between glycerol release and uptake by adipocytes and the liver, respectively. This Review discusses the pathophysiological importance of these channels in obesity and related disorders.
Pituitary apoplexy, caused by infarction or hemorrhage within the pituitary gland, usually presents with headache, visual disturbance and decreased consciousness. The coincidence of these symptoms with those of more common medical emergencies might delay the diagnosis, as in the patient described here. The authors discuss diagnostic and management approaches for this potentially life-threatening syndrome.
