Volume 14 Issue 4, April 2018

Diabetes mellitus therapies aim to reduce disease complications, such as nephropathy, by achieving long-term blood glucose regulation, but actually doing so is difficult. A recent study by Sacramento and colleagues has applied electronic modulation of nerve activity in rodents as an approach to treat diabetes mellitus.

In the US, there was an increase in the prevalence of severe obesity from 2000 to 2004 and a decrease from 2004 to 2014 in preschool-aged children. The severity of obesity in children is associated with increased cardiometabolic risks. Programmes to prevent early severe obesity should be able to end this disease.

The US Preventive Services Task Force recently produced their recommendation statement on hormone therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women. Here, I outline the changes from the 2013 recommendations and discuss clinical questions providers continue to ponder daily as they care for women during the menopausal period.

In this Review, the authors describe the symptoms of menopause and their physiological basis, highlighting emerging data on how ethnicity and individual factors influence symptom incidence and prevalence and how certain symptoms might predict future health risks.

The treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is challenging. Here, Thakker and colleagues discuss the current and emerging therapies to treat PNETs in patients with or without MEN1.

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is an overgrowth disorder characterized by variable clinical phenotypes and a complex molecular aetiology. This Consensus Statement summarizes recommendations for clinical indications, molecular diagnosis and management of the newly defined Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum.