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In 2016, four studies were published that provided crucial new information on the endocrine actions of the hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). These studies provide a framework for the nutritional stimuli that regulate FGF21 expression and demonstrate a major role for FGF21 in primates and humans in regulating food intake, macronutrient preference and central reward pathways.
The hypothalamus and pituitary gland can undergo many functional adaptations to control hormonal output. In this Review, the authors describe our current understanding of the neuroendocrine changes in these structures that maximize reproductive success, and highlight how new imaging techniques have transformed our interpretation of these processes.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can contribute to the development of certain disorders and are known to have a high health-care burden in some countries. A new analysis has revealed the substantial impact of EDCs on health and associated costs in the USA.
The link between mood disorders and hormonal fluctuations has long been known, but the direction of this correlation has been questioned. New research suggests that initiation of hormonal contraception leads to increased risk of first-time diagnosis of or treatment for depression over a short time frame, particularly for adolescents.
As a large number of genes have been implicated in the development of hereditary phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs), next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is ideally suited for carrying out genetic screening. This Consensus Statement proposes specific recommendations for the use of diagnostic NGS in hereditary PPGLs.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can increase the risk of childhood diseases by disrupting hormone-mediated processes critical for growth and development. Here, Joseph Braun discusses epidemiological evidence of associations between early-life exposure to EDCs and childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and obesity.