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Early attempts at the reinduction of 131I uptake by redifferentiation of 131I-negative differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) had limited success. Novel therapies targeting the pathways that restore expression of the sodium iodine symporter now offer new hope of success for redifferentiation therapy in DTCs with the BRAFV600E mutation.
Islet transplantation has become a realistic treatment option for a subset of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This Review outlines the techniques involved in the procedure, as well as the risks, long-term outcomes and advances in the care of patients after they have received an islet transplant.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with GLP1 receptor agonists can result in long-term glycaemic control or can fail over time, in which case insulin can be used as an alternative or as an additive treatment. New research shows that the latter is more likely to achieve glycaemic targets than the former.
In a recent study by Cosman and colleagues, romosozumab — a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin — is shown to reduce the risk of vertebral and clinical fractures at 12 months compared with placebo. However, the low fracture risk of study participants necessitates the completion of an on-going clinical trial before romosozumab can be fully adopted into clinical practice.
Patients with anorexia nervosa severely restrict their food consumption. In this Review, Schorr and Miller discuss the endocrine abnormalities that arise in these patients as a result of their reduced calorie intake and potential therapies that can help restore endocrine function.
Dyslipidaemia is a major contributor to the onset of metabolic disease. Here, Meikle and Summers discuss lipidomic research into relationships between diet, lipid metabolism and metabolic disease. The Review also highlights promising potential therapeutics that target lipid metabolism to counteract obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.