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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the rapid onset of noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema, hypoxaemia and the need for mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients. This PrimeView highlights the pillars of treatment for patients with ARDS.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the rapid onset of noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema, hypoxaemia and the need for mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients. This Primer describes the risk factors for ARDS, the underlying pulmonary damage and repair in ARDS and the long-term consequences for survivors.
This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms underlying pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, a syndrome characterized by abnormal accumulation of alveolar surfactant in the lungs and dysfunction of the alveolar macrophages.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis comprises a group of diseases with different pathogenetic mechanisms but a common outcome — the progressive accumulation of alveolar surfactant in the lungs and dysfunction of alveolar macrophages, which result in respiratory failure and increased risk of secondary infections.
Radiotherapy can be used with curative intent or to palliate symptoms in many patients with cancer. This PrimeView explores how irradiation to nearby adjacent tissues can be associated with short-term toxicity and long-term consequences.
Radiotherapy is used in >50% of patients with cancer but may be associated with short-term toxicity and long-term consequences. This Primer summarizes the mechanisms by which normal tissues are affected by irradiation, the techniques to mitigate such damage and how to treat the symptoms of radiotherapy toxicity.
This PrimeView accompanies the Primer on Medulloblastoma by Pfister et al., and describes the quality of life issues faced by patients with this disease.
This Primer by Pfister and colleagues reviews the molecular genetics, diagnosis and management of medulloblastoma and touches upon the quality of life of patients and future outlooks.
This illustrated PrimeView provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, cellular mechanisms and management of the main forms of Kaposi sarcoma.
Kaposi sarcoma is a rare cancer that typically presents with multiple pigmented skin lesions, but may take an aggressive course characterised by lesion ulceration, oedema and visceral organ involvement. This Primer describes the epidemiology, clinical features, cellular mechanisms and management of the main forms of Kaposi sarcoma.
The WHO defines female subfertility as failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular intercourse or due to impairment of a woman’s capacity to reproduce. This PrimeView highlights some of the mechanisms that may contribute to this condition.
Subfertility affects one in six couples worldwide and is associated with emotional distress and reduced quality of life. This Primer by Farquhar and colleagues discusses the causes, diagnosis and treatment of female subfertility.
An estimated 20% of all patients with cancer will develop brain metastases, with the majority of brain metastases occurring in those with lung and breast cancer and melanoma. This Primer describes the mechanisms by which cancer cells migrate to the brain and the key advances necessary to improve the prognosis for patients with brain metastases.
This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiology of coeliac disease, a systemic disorder driven by the ingestion of dietary gluten and characterized by diverse intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations.
Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy driven by dietary gluten present in wheat, rye and barley. This Primer discusses the risk factors and immune mechanisms of coeliac disease and highlights future treatment options beyond the gluten-free diet.
This illustrated PrimeView highlights rhabdomyosarcoma epidemiology, disease mechanisms, diagnosis, risk-based disease management, and prevention of late treatment effects.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. This Primer highlights RMS epidemiology and disease mechanisms and presents the state of the art in clinical care, including diagnostics, risk-based disease management and prevention of late treatment effects.
