Reviews & Analysis

This PrimeView describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of Behçet syndrome, as well as highlighting patient quality of life and avenues for future research.

Behçet syndrome is a recurrent multiorgan inflammatory disorder and a systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects veins. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Behçet syndrome and describes its effect on patient quality of life and the future outlook for the field.

This PrimeView highlights the diagnosis and prevention of cholangiocarcinoma, and summarizes its epidemiology, mechanisms, management and outlook. It accompanies the Primer on cholangiocarcinoma by Brindley and colleagues.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly lethal adenocarcinoma of the hepatobiliary system that can be associated with liver fluke infection but often has no identifiable cause. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma, and highlights the patient experience and future directions.

This PrimeView highlights the clinical presentations of Marfan syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by pathogenetic variants in FBN1, encoding the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1.

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder affecting the connective tissue, caused by mutations in FBN1 (which encodes fibrillin-1, a structural component of the extracellular matrix); individuals with MFS usually present with cardiovascular (aortic aneurysms and dissections), skeletal and ocular manifestations.

This illustrated PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and accompanies the Primer article by Dummer and colleagues.

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma is a group of lymphomas that initially manifest in the skin. This Primer summarizes the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of these disorders.

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic immune-mediated disease with heterogeneous clinical features. This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of psoriatic arthritis and accompanies the Primer article by Fitzgerald and colleagues.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immune-mediated form of arthritis that occurs in some patients with psoriasis. This Primer reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of PsA and highlights the challenges in diagnosis and advances in treatment. In addition, the authors discuss the quality of life of patients and outstanding questions in the field.

A non-union bone fracture represents a chronic medical condition affecting an individual’s psychosocial and economic wellbeing. This PrimeView discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of non-union as well as highlights its management and the patient quality of life.

Non-union, defined as a fractured bone that does not heal within the expected time or is deemed unable to heal without intervention, represents a complex chronic medical condition characterized by pain and functional and psychosocial disability. In this Primer, Jupiter and colleagues discuss the epidemiology, advances in pathophysiology, diagnosis and management, and the quality of life of patients with non-union.

This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiological factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this disorder.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is common in adults and children. This Primer covers current knowledge of the different aspects of the disease in these populations, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis as well as the quality of life of patients.

This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury, and summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this disease. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Kellum and colleagues.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) describes a sudden loss of excretory kidney function that can result in long-term kidney damage. This Primer describes AKI epidemiology and pathophysiology in different economic settings, discusses current diagnostic and management principles, and highlights long-term effects on quality of life and initiatives to improve patient care.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of psychopathy, a personality disorder that is characterized by affective, interpersonal, lifestyle and antisocial features.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder that is characterized by a lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse, in addition to grandiosity, arrogance, and deceitful, manipulative and antisocial behaviours. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of psychopathy and describes the effect of this disorder on quality of life and functioning.

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, quality of life effects and treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson disease.

Cognitive impairment is common in patients with Parkinson disease and ranges in severity. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease and describes the effects on patient quality of life and the future outlook for the field.