Browse Articles

Hypothyroidism is a common condition of insufficient thyroid hormone production or metabolism, which can be life-threatening if untreated. This Primer reviews hypothyroidism epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, screening and prevention programmes, current treatment approaches, and areas for additional research.

This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiology of achalasia and summarizes its epidemiology, diagnosis and management. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Savarino and colleagues.

Achalasia is a disorder of the oesophageal smooth muscle characterized by impaired lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation and absent or spastic oesophageal body contractions. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of achalasia, as well as patient quality of life and areas for further research.

This PrimeView highlights the pathogenesis of bone stress injuries and summarizes epidemiology, diagnosis and management. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Tenforde and colleagues.

Bone stress injuries, commonly referred to as stress reactions or stress fractures, result from repeated overloading of bone and are thought to involve an imbalance in microdamage formation and repair. This Primer provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathobiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, treatments and consequences of bone stress injuries.

This PrimeView highlights the pathogenesis of hypothalamic syndrome, and summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this disorder. It accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Müller an colleagues.

Hypothalamic syndrome is a rare disorder caused by injury to the hypothalamus from various diseases or their treatment. This Primer provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of the syndrome, as well as the challenges in preventing hypothalamic injury and treating its sequelae.

Loneliness is associated with increased mortality and a higher risk of some cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological disorders. Co-ordinated approaches at the individual, community and society levels are needed to reduce loneliness.

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation and summarizes pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Brundel and colleagues.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is increasing in prevalence as populations age. This Primer provides an overview of AF epidemiology, the mechanisms underlying electropathology in AF, and the diagnostic approaches and treatments, and highlights important directions to improve understanding and management of AF in co-creation with patients.

This PrimeView highlights the prevention of tobacco and nicotine use, and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Le Foll et al.

This Primer describes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and management of tobacco use and tobacco use disorder. Moreover, this Primer discusses the quality of life issues associated with tobacco use and provides an overview of future research avenues for this field.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of binge eating disorder, a newly classified eating disorder that is characterized by episodes of binge eating and loss of control of eating behaviour.

Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder that is characterized by loss of control of eating behaviour and episodes of eating very large amounts of food. This Primer discusses the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of binge eating disorder.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of hypertensive eye disease and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Wong et al.

Hypertensive eye disease (HED) refers to dieases of the eye that are associated with acute or chronic elevations in blood pressure. This Primer discusses the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of HED.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of childhood stroke and accompanies the Primer article on childhood stroke by Wildgruber et al.

This Primer summarizes the mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of stroke in children (that is, stroke occurring in those aged between 29 days and 18 years).

This PrimeView highlights the prothrombotic mechanisms associated with cancer that can lead to venous thromboembolism.