Articles in 2022

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of genetic pain loss disorders and accompanies the Primer on this topic by Kurth et al.

Specific chromosomal abnormalities are associated with development of multiple myeloma and its precursor syndromes. This poster explores the process of plasma cell development, and the types and frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic alterations that are involved in development and progression of multiple myeloma.

Genetic pain loss disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by reduced pain sensation. This Primer discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.

Planetary and human health are inseparably connected; yet, health-care systems produce considerable amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, waste and pollution. A growing movement to measure and mitigate the health sector’s own climate damage is underway, supported by national policies and clinical innovation.

This PrimeView highlights the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and summarizes its epidemiology, diagnosis and pathophysiology. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Zani and colleagues.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare birth defect associated with cardiopulmonary complications and high mortality and morbidity. This Primer describes the epidemiology and mechanisms of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and discusses diagnosis, management and quality of life for patients.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms and pathophysiology of trachoma and summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this disease. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Solomon and colleagues.

Trachoma, caused by infection with conjunctival strains of Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most common infectious cause of blindness. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of trachoma as well as its management, disease control and elimination, and key areas for future research.

This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism and accompanies the Primer article on hypothyroidism by Chaker et al.

Hypothyroidism is a common condition of insufficient thyroid hormone production or metabolism, which can be life-threatening if untreated. This Primer reviews hypothyroidism epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, screening and prevention programmes, current treatment approaches, and areas for additional research.

This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiology of achalasia and summarizes its epidemiology, diagnosis and management. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Savarino and colleagues.

Achalasia is a disorder of the oesophageal smooth muscle characterized by impaired lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation and absent or spastic oesophageal body contractions. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of achalasia, as well as patient quality of life and areas for further research.

This PrimeView highlights the pathogenesis of bone stress injuries and summarizes epidemiology, diagnosis and management. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Tenforde and colleagues.

Bone stress injuries, commonly referred to as stress reactions or stress fractures, result from repeated overloading of bone and are thought to involve an imbalance in microdamage formation and repair. This Primer provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathobiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, treatments and consequences of bone stress injuries.

This PrimeView highlights the pathogenesis of hypothalamic syndrome, and summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this disorder. It accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Müller an colleagues.

Hypothalamic syndrome is a rare disorder caused by injury to the hypothalamus from various diseases or their treatment. This Primer provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of the syndrome, as well as the challenges in preventing hypothalamic injury and treating its sequelae.