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Although the use of extracellular microelectrode arrays (MEAs) permits simultaneous, cell-non-invasive, long-term recordings of extracellular field potentials generated by action potentials, they are 'blind' to subthreshold synaptic potentials generated by the individual neurons. On the other hand, intracellular recordings of the full electrophysiological repertoire are, at present, only obtained by sharp or patch microelectrodes. These, however, are limited to single cells at a time and for short durations. New techniques are arising that merge the advantages of extracellular MEAs and intracellular microelectrodes (like the nanowires depicted in the image). The Review by Spira and Hai describes these approaches, identifying their strengths and limitations.
Combining electron and force microscopy allows the observation of atomic-loss processes during sliding, challenging the classical laws of wear-rate prediction.
This Review describes recent approaches that merge extracellular microelectrode arrays with intracellular microelectrodes for studying neuronal circuit connectivity.
Weak van der Waals interactions control the packing of self-assembled monolayers in a molecular diode and have a remarkable effect on the device performance.
Microcantilever arrays are used to detect individual point mutations in a gene associated with melanoma cancer, offering a rapid test for deciding whether or not patients are eligible to receive drug treatment.
Short peptides derived from the HIV-1 glycoprotein form nanofibrils that can be used to improve viral gene delivery and concentrate viruses without the need for ultracentrifugation.
When placed in a complex biological environment, targeting molecules on the surface of nanoparticles are shielded by surrounding biomolecules and their ability to bind to the targeted receptors on cells is lost.