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Live-cell single-molecule imaging of different Bacillus subtilis divisome proteins that interact with FtsZ (such as FtsA, EzrA, SepF and ZapA) reveals different subcomplexes with distinct motility: stationary FtsZ-binding proteins that bind transiently to treadmilling FtsZ filaments, and moving complexes containing cell wall synthases.
ISG15 conjugation is essential to activate the RIG-I-like receptor MDA5 and trigger antiviral responses. SARS-CoV-2 suppresses MDA5 activation by direct PLpro-mediated de-ISGylation to escape innate immunity.
Bifidobacterium bifidum is enriched in the gut microbiome of patients who respond to cancer treatment, but only selected strains of commercial B. bifidum reduced tumour burden synergistically with therapy in a mouse model.
Using epicPCR, a method that fuses a phage marker gene with the 16S rRNA gene of infected bacterial cells at single-cell resolution, the authors identify host–virus interactions and dynamics over time in an estuarine environment.
The Salmonella Typhimurium effector protein SopD is capable of both activating and inhibiting the host inflammatory response by modulating Rab8 GTPase.
Studying the intestinal pathology of undernourished children in Zambia with persistent stunting reveals that adaptation to pathogen exposure in early life may explain why children with stunting do not respond well to nutrient supplementation.
Genome-wide RNA sequencing/PAR-CLIP and short interfering RNA knockdown are combined to show that neuronal microRNA miR-138 targets ICP0, Oct-1 and Foxc1 to repress HSV-1 lytic cycle genes and promote epigenetic gene silencing, thereby favouring viral latency.
Cyanobacteria are shown to produce alkanes that sustain communities of pentadecane-degrading bacteria, and possibly archaea, as part of an alkane cycle in the ocean.
More than 400 parallel enrichment experiments from goat faeces are analysed using metagenomics to evaluate how substrate and antibiotic selection affect membership, activity, stability and chemical productivity of herbivore gut microbiomes.
Bacteria use CRISPR–Cas systems as adaptive defence weapons against attacking phages. A new study shows that under severe stress conditions, Serratia turn off their CRISPR immune system to increase the uptake of potentially beneficial plasmids.
Most soil microorganisms can use the trace gases carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane — and potentially other inorganic compounds — to supplement their cellular energetic needs.
Multi-omics and geochemical data reveal that dinoflagellates, abundant marine microorganisms, utilize numerous metabolic strategies to survive in diverse ocean environments.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are being integrated into bioeconomy strategies around the world, including the European Green Deal. We highlight how microbiome-based innovations can contribute to policies that interface with the SDGs and argue that international cooperation in microbiome science is crucial for success.
Resilience of freshwater microbial communities to flooding is revealed by high-resolution in situ sampling experiments in a forest pond during two extreme rain events.