Volume 22 Issue 10, October 2016

Here, we announce two policy changes across Nature journals: data-availability statements in all published papers and official Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) validation reports for peer review.

Two new studies show that high-resolution imaging can detect active tuberculosis (TB) in people otherwise diagnosed as healthy. Individuals with these signs of active infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) were at an increased risk of developing clinical TB.

Tumors often overexpress enzymes that synthesize fatty acids, but the requirement for fatty acid synthesis in tumor growth is unclear. A new fatty acid–synthesis inhibitor blunts lung tumor growth in mice, which implicates this process as a targetable liability.

By using combined positron emission and computed tomography (PET–CT), Esmail et al. show that some patients with latent tuberculosis have signs of subclinical, active disease in the lungs and a greater likelihood of progression, suggesting a spectrum of disease rather than discrete latent and active disease states.

Stephanus Malherbe and colleagues conducted positron emission tomography–computerized tomography lung scans of patients before and after tuberculosis therapy and report that even in cured, culture-negative patients the majority show lung lesions after 6 months of therapy, suggesting possible persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

A high-throughput screen of preclinical, investigational and FDA-approved drugs identifies compounds that possess antiviral and neuroprotective effects against Zika virus infection in human neural progenitor cells and astrocytes.

An allosteric inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase reveals a metabolic liability of non-small-cell lung cancer and slows tumor growth alone and in combination with chemotherapy in mouse models.

Cancer cachexia is marked by a pathological loss of fat tissue, but preventing the degradation of AMPK in this tissue helps preserve its mass in mouse models.

The lncRNA Chaer controls hypertrophic heart growth by binding to and interfering with the function of the epigenetic regulator PRC2.

RNA editing by the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 controls cathepsin S expression in endothelial cells, a mechanism that is implicated in determining cathepsin S levels in patients with atherosclerotic vascular diseases.

A small-molecule antagonist of the P2X3 receptor reduces blood pressure in hypertensive rats via its action on the carotid body, pointing to a new drug target for treating hypertension.

A novel stainless-steel pin has been engineered with a pure magnesium core that promotes improved fracture healing in rats by inducing local production of a key neuropeptide for osteogenesis.

Long-term use of serotonin-reuptake inhibitors causes bone loss by acting centrally to counteract a peripheral, beneficial effect on bone.

The ubiquitin-specific protease HAUSP deubiquitinates and stabilizes N-Myc, and small-molecule inhibitors of HAUSP suppress the growth of MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cell lines implanted in mice.

Differences in the composition of the gut microbiota of infants associate with relative risk of atopy in childhood, and metabolites linked with these distinct microbial states alter T cell differentiation ex vivo.