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Integrin activation is key for leukocyte exit from the bloodstream. Shamri et al. (p.497) show that the nature of the chemokine signal critically influences leukocyte arrest under flow conditions (see also News and Views by Laudanna, p.429). The image represents a multiphoton intravital micrograph depicting T cells (green) and dendritic cells (red) in the vicinity of a high endothelial venule (yellow). Micrograph by Thorsten Mempel and Ulrich von Adrian. Artwork by Lewis Long.
HIV testing is now required for non-HIV-AIDS-related immunological studies in areas of high HIV prevalence. Ethical guidelines for testing in these circumstances need clarification and sensitive protocols need to be developed.
Chemokines not only act as chemotactic and chemokinetic molecules but also are inducers of integrin-dependent adhesion. Analysis of an immunological synapse now demonstrates an additional function for chemokines as costimulatory molecules.
Chemokines 'trigger' the integrin LFA-1 to different conformational and affinity states. Elegant experiments provide new insights into the involvement of different LFA-1 affinity states in rapid lymphocyte arrest under flow.
HIV pathogenesis is thought of as a chronic infection involving slow degradation of immunity that ultimately leads to AIDS. This scenario, however, could reflect the decay of an immune system mortally wounded during acute HIV infection.
The function of prostaglandin E2 in allergy has long been ambiguous. Now a comprehensive assessment of prostaglandin E2 receptor–deficient mice demonstrates the main anti-inflammatory function of this prostaglandin in allergic lung disease.
A newly identified crystal structure for an autoimmune TCR bound to peptide-MHC shows a highly unusual docking mode. Is this an anomaly or a new twist on MHC restriction?