The discovery of a V-like Ig multigene family in the protochordate amphioxus provides new insights into the evolution of the adaptive immune response.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
A complete DNA sequence map of the ovine Major Histocompatibility Complex
BMC Genomics Open Access 10 August 2010
-
Genomic complexity of the variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins in amphioxus
BMC Genetics Open Access 01 December 2008
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Cannon, J.P., Haire, R.N. & Litman, G.L. Nature Immunol. 3, 1200–1207 (2002).
Litman, G.W., Anderson, M.K. & Rast, J.P. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17, 109–147 (1999).
Flajnik, M.F. & Kasahara, M. Immunity 15, 351–362 (2001).
Barclay, A.N. et al. The Leucocyte Antigen Facts Book (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1997)
Tonegawa, S. Nature 302, 575–581 (1983).
Harpaz, Y. & Chothia, C. J. Mol. Biol. 238, 528–539 (1994).
Teichmann, S.A. & Chothia, C. J. Mol. Biol. 296, 1367–1383 (2000).
Holmgren, A. & Branden, C.I. Nature 342, 248–251 (1989).
Bjorkman, P.J. & Davis, M.M. Nature 334, 395–402 (1988).
Boot, R.G., Renkema, G.H., Strijland, A., van Zonneveld, A.J. & Aerts, J.M. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26252–26256 (1995).
Chothia, C., Novotny, J., Bruccoleri, R. & Karplus, M. J. Mol. Biol. 186, 651–663 (1985).
Pendleton, J.W., Nagai, B.K., Murtha, M.T. & Ruddle, F.H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 6300–6304 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaufman, J. The origins of the adaptive immune system: whatever next?. Nat Immunol 3, 1124–1125 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1202-1124
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1202-1124
This article is cited by
-
A complete DNA sequence map of the ovine Major Histocompatibility Complex
BMC Genomics (2010)
-
Genomic complexity of the variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins in amphioxus
BMC Genetics (2008)
-
Ancient evolutionary origin of diversified variable regions demonstrated by crystal structures of an immune-type receptor in amphioxus
Nature Immunology (2006)
-
Comparative genomics of major histocompatibility complexes
Immunogenetics (2005)
-
Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey
Nature (2004)