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Essay
Nature Immunology 10, 3–5 (1 January 2009) | doi:10.1038/ni0109-3
Signaling to gene expression: calcium, calcineurin and NFAT
Abstract
Given the vast amount of knowledge today about how signal-transcription cascades regulate gene expression, it is almost impossible to believe that 30 years ago the field was in its infancy. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) was firmly established as a second messenger, but the transcription factor CREB, which binds cAMP-response elements in the promoters of cAMP-dependent genes, had not yet been discovered as a target of the cAMP–protein kinase A pathway.
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