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Artificial intelligence tools have the potential to revolutionize how scientists work and publish. We share our ground rules for managing the inherent risks.

A field experiment in Uganda shows how potassium and phosphorus keep leaves functioning during times of water scarcity, highlighting the need to consider ecosystem-scale processes in studying the response of forests to nutrient limitation.

High-resolution spacecraft imagery has revealed transient deposits that appear in the early mornings of cold seasons at the high altitudes of the Tharsis volcanoes on Mars, consistent with water frost of atmospheric origin.

Ongoing climate warming is heating the subsurface. Projections suggest that by the end of the century millions of people will live in areas where groundwater exceeds the highest threshold for drinking water temperatures.

Model projections suggest that shallow groundwater temperatures will increase by 2.1 °C by the end of the century, with groundwater expected to exceed drinkable temperatures in a number of populated regions under a medium-emissions pathway.

Oxygen isotopic evidence from Jack Hill zircon crystals suggests that meteoric (fresh) water interacted with crustal magma systems four billion years ago, meaning that the hydrological cycle began at or before this time.

The intermediate-scale Kamchatka thermochemical anomaly segregated from the Perm anomaly and may have generated a mantle plume before merging with the Pacific large low-velocity province, according to a study of mantle tomographic and numerical models.

Substantial evolution of the Nile River over the past 11,500 years, shaping the riverine landscape and ancient Egyptian culture, is linked to climate and environmental changes, according to analyses of sediment cores near Luxor dated with optically stimulated luminescence.

Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are projected to expand significantly, increasing in area by approximately 50% by 2100 under a low emissions scenario. This expansion will reshape the hydrological connectivity of the lake basins, and submerge a large number of roads, settlements, and ecological components.

Model projections suggest that, even under a low-emissions scenario, lakes on the Tibetan Plateau will increase in area by about 50% by 2100, with widespread impacts on infrastructure and ecosystems.

Explosive volcanic eruptions of Kīlauea in Hawaii can be explained by sudden subsidence of reservoir roof rock causing gas and lithic debris venting by a mechanism similar to that of a stomp rocket, according to seismic inversions for reservoir pressure changes.

The field remains an unsafe and isolating workplace for many. We present resources to empower and guide researchers towards safer, more inclusive, and more equitable fieldwork practice.

The Arctic has warmed almost four times faster than the global average over the past four decades. This fourfold rate of warming is an extraordinary manifestation of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change.

External climate forcing has consistently amplified Arctic warming by a factor of three over the last 50 years, but natural variability has induced substantial fluctuations, according to a comparison of observations and model simulations.

Coastal seaweed transported to the open ocean contributes up to 3–4% of the particulate organic carbon sinking into the deeper ocean, according to combined ecological and biogeochemical modelling.

Nutrient limitation of marine primary producers will change in complex ways as anthropogenic warming continues, altering global biogeochemical cycles, according to a synthesis of recent studies.

Estuaries are increasingly threatened not only by rising sea levels but also by human interventions which cause changes in sediment supply. Remote sensing data analysis shows that estuarine intertidal area development is associated with minimum turbidity levels, where areas with larger tidal ranges require higher turbidity for their maintenance.

The resilience of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal drought is linked to terrestrial potassium and phosphorus availability, according to a nutrient addition experiment in a moist forest in Uganda.

Hydrous minerals within the Earth affect volatile cycling and mantle geodynamics. Jun Tsuchiya explains how stable phases of these minerals are being uncovered at increasingly high pressures.