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A new study profiles microRNA (miRNA) expression in mouse epidermis and hair follicles and examines the requirement for these miRNAs during normal embryonic development. In the absence of Dicer-dependent miRNA production, hair follicles evaginate rather than invaginate, revealing an unexpected role for miRNAs in regulating hair follicle morphogenesis.
Human embryos that develop in the presence of chromosomes solely of paternal origin give rise only to a disorganized mass of placental derivatives known as a complete hydatidiform mole. A new study reports that mutations in NALP7, a gene thought to be involved in inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, occur in human females whose biparental conceptuses can develop as apparent complete moles.
Special chromosome marks are thought to maintain the stable pattern of gene expression that underlies cell identity. Surprisingly, similar chromosome marks accompany cyclic gene expression driven by the 24-hour circadian clock.
Mutations in components of the planar cell polarity pathway in mammals give rise to neural tube defects, anomalous cochlear hair cell stereocilia and kidney cysts. A new study suggests that two planar cell polarity components initially characterized in flies are required for ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling in frog embryos, providing insights into the mechanisms governing positioning and growth of the ciliary axoneme.