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Banerjee and colleagues study neuronal pathfinding in the Drosophila optic lobe. They show that photoreceptor axon target choice is controlled by an interaction between the transcription factor Runt and the ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein Brakeless. Shown here are labeled retinal axons (green) innervating the optic lobe, lamina precursor cells and lamina neurons (red) and glial cells (blue). See page 746.
Understanding how realistic networks integrate input signals over many seconds has eluded neuroscientists for decades. Koulakov and colleagues now propose a computational model to explain how bistable neurons might allow a network to integrate incoming signals.
New findings suggest that the mutant form of the huntingtin protein, which causes Huntington's disease, may damage neurons by directly interfering with mitochondrial function.
A recently identified plasticity mechanism—'synaptic scaling'—is now shown to operate in vivo to promote the stability of network function in the face of changing input activity.
A recent paper concludes that motor cortex represents a map of spatial locations to which movements are directed, but the use of high stimulation intensities complicates its interpretation.