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Han and Helmchen demonstrate that the dynamic interactions between a higher association area and a primary sensory area in the neocortex can shape sensory representation and govern behavioral choices.
Panic disorder is characterized by uncontrollable fear accompanied with unique somatic symptoms. Kang, Kim et al. identify a pontomesencephalic PACAP pathway that plays a crucial role in panic-like behavioral and physiological alterations in mice.
Using in vivo two-photon imaging and electron microscopy, Haruwaka, Ying et al. show that microglia transiently boost post-anesthesia neuronal activity in somatosensory cortex by physically shielding inhibitory inputs during emergence from anesthesia.
Bromberg-Martin, Feng and colleagues uncover conserved value computations underlying human and monkey information-seeking behavior and show that the lateral habenula sends value signals integrating information with reward and guides online decisions.
Using two-photon (2P) optogenetics and computational modeling, the authors find that neither space-based nor feature-based rules are sufficient to describe cell–cell interactions within the primary visual cortex (V1). Instead, models must include interactions between these cardinal axes.
This paper introduces ‘prospective configuration’, a new principle for learning in neural networks, which differs from backpropagation and is more efficient in learning and more consistent with data on neural activity and behavior.
This study identifies a positive-feedback loop between the ACC and the VTA that mediates the mutual exacerbation between hyperalgesia and comorbid anxiodepressive-like behaviors and, thereby, the chronicity of neuropathic pain.
In the CNS, glutamatergic neurons directly control functional hyperemia via synaptic-like transmission onto arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Inhibiting this process reduces brain atrophy following cerebral ischemia.
The authors show that functionally paired visual and memory brain areas share a common neural code, which structures their communication. This code is visual in nature and uses a push–pull dynamic to translate information between vision and memory.
Hypertension can lead to cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that meningeal T cell-produced interleukin-17 activates border-associated macrophages, affecting neurovascular and cognitive functions in a mouse model of hypertension.
Perl et al. show that in PTSD, hippocampal representations of autobiographical memories are similar across people with similar semantic content only for sad but not traumatic memories, pointing to altered brain state during traumatic memory recall.
Benisty, Barson et al. show that motor behaviors are represented by fast changes in the activity magnitude and functional connectivity across the mouse neocortex, which provides insight into the relationship between neural signals and behavior.
Li et al. developed a base-editing system to edit mutations linked to autism. Targeting a mutation in Mef2c restored Mef2c protein levels in several brain regions and reversed behavioral changes in Mef2c-mutant mice.
The authors identify a cluster of ~160 peptidergic neurons in the mouse brainstem whose activity is necessary and sufficient for producing sound and controlling sound volume. These neurons form the final common pathway for vocalization.
Parker et al. recorded neural activity in V1 of freely moving mice and freely gazing marmosets. In both species, neurons respond to gaze shifts in a temporal sequence, such that new visual input is processed in a ‘coarse’ to ‘fine’ manner.
Stathmin-2 is lost in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here the authors show that stathmin-2 has an essential role in the maintenance of axon structure, with its loss from adult motor neurons resulting in axonal collapse and muscle denervation.
Wang et al. showed that genetic disruption of TFEB and v-ATPase-mediated lysosomal signaling leads to increased tau pathology but defective microglia activation, demonstrating an essential role of the lysosome in regulating microglia activity.
This study by Zielinski et al. used cryo-EM to compare Aβ fibril structures from mouse models to those from patients with Alzheimer’s disease. It revealed that tg-APPArcSwe mice exhibit fibrils resembling those predominantly found in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease cases.
Sayar-Atasoy et al. monitored the activity of hypothalamic AgRP hunger neurons throughout the day and showed that these neurons anticipate meal time by integrating information about past circadian feeding experience with ongoing metabolic needs.