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It is unclear how dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and insula represent reward prediction errors. Here, the authors analyze human intracranial data to reveal spatially mixed, asymmetric coding of valence-specific and unsigned reward prediction errors, with insula leading dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.
Zuiderveen and colleagues find that emerging bio-based products have on average 45% lower greenhouse gas life cycle emissions compared to their fossil counterparts, yet, there is a large variation between individual bio-based products with none of them reaching netzero emissions.
Here the authors present the crystal structure of a bacterial STING. The structure shows that bacterial STING can modulate immune responses by forming anti-parallel dimers or, in certain species, through the presence of a long lid.
Impromptu communications are indispensable for disaster-prone regions with damaged infrastructure. Here, the authors propose a mechanically actuated bi-stable reconfigurable quadrifilar helix antenna suitable for both terrestrial and satellite L-band communications.
“Exchange bias” occurs in heterostructures of antiferromagnets and ferromagnetic materials, which biases the magnetization of the ferromagnet so that it exhibits a preferred direction. This phenomenon has proven critical for the development of a variety of spintronic devices. Here, Hasan et al demonstrate reversible control of exchange bias via solid-state hydrogen gating.
We examine the call for decolonising academic disciplines, and the extent which this applies to engineering. We argue that anticolonial endeavours should systematically recognise colonial legacy in contemporary science and technology, and reframe technological innovation in light of neocolonial extraction and exploitation.
Soil micronutrients may be important for belowground biota and associated functions. Here, the authors identify the relationships between metallic micronutrients and soil microbial communities and functions across 180 sites, and validate them in a soil incubation experiment.
LRP1 plays a key role in the clearance of Aβ peptides across the blood-brain barrier. Here, the authors report that ANKS1A promotes the LRP1-mediated Aβ clearance in brain endothelium, providing insights into the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease.
Translational neurodegeneration needs characterisation of the downstream consequences of synaptic loss. A multimodal imaging approach reveals that synaptic loss affects clinical severity via reduced connectivity in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
The molecular mechanisms controlling injury-dependent neuronal regeneration are largely unknown. Here, the authors use integrated multiomic analysis to characterize gene regulatory networks controlling injury-induced neurogenesis in zebrafish retina
Hyoscyamine and scopolamine (HS) are two tropane alkaloids with medicinal significance produced by distantly related lineages in the Solanaceae family. Here, the authors assemble the genome of three HS-producing and one non-HS-producing species within Solanaceae, and reveal the evolution of the biosynthetic pathway.
Batch integration is a critical yet challenging step in many single-cell RNA-seq analysis workflows. Here, authors present JOINTLY, a hybrid linear and non-linear NMF-based algorithm, providing interpretable and robust cell clustering against over-integration.
Nonstoichiometric transition metal dichalcogenides break symmetry, enabling piezo/ferroelectric effects. Here, the authors propose an approach to integrate these properties with diverse 2D materials, advancing multifunctional materials and devices.
Monitoring samples from hospital patients, wastewater, or air travel may enable early detection of pathogens. Here, the authors assess how these surveillance systems could have impacted detection of COVID-19 and their potential benefits for detection of other emerging pathogens.
In-sensor and near-sensor computing are emerging as the next-generation computing paradigm, for high-density and low-power sensory processing. Here, the authors report a fully hardware-implemented artificial visual system for versatile image processing based on multimodal-multifunctional optoelectronic resistive memory devices with optical and electrical resistive switching modes.
mTORC1 adapts cellular metabolism in response to nutrient signals. Here, the authors identify VWCE as a negative regulator of amino acid-dependent mTORC1 signaling and a potential as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer treatments.
Endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) support hematopoiesis and hematopoietic regeneration. Whether ECs are a source of BMSCs remains unclear. Here, using lineage tracing models the authors show that ECs are not a source of BMSCs during homeostasis and regeneration.
Innate immune responses are the first line of defence against viral pathogens. Here, Jiang et al show that the nuclear located 40S ribosomal protein SA senses viral nucleic acids to selectively enhance proinflammatory cytokine gene expression through epigenetic modification.
The Nuclear-physics and Multi-Messenger Astrophysics framework, NMMA, combines multiple information from neutron stars and neutron star mergers. Here, the authors show an update of the NMMA framework to constrain neutron star equation of state by simultaneously analyzing multi-messenger observations.