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Genome-wide profiling of chromatin accessibility by DNase-seq or ATAC-seq has been widely used to identify regulatory DNA elements and transcription factor binding sites. Here the authors develop a computational model, SELMA, to estimate and correct enzymatic cleavage biases in chromatin accessibility profiling data.
Understanding the how silicon deforms under pressure is important for several fields, including planetary science and materials design. Laser-driven shock compression experiments now confirm that shear stress generated during compression is released via a high-pressure phase transition.
The European X-ray FreeElectron Laser Facility generates ultrashort hard X-ray pulses with megahertz repetition rate. Here, the authors probe the dynamics of dense antibody protein (Ig-PEG) solutions using megahertz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at the European XFEL.
Assembly artificial pathway in design connecting media can increase biosynthetic efficiency, but the choice of connecting media is limited. Here, the authors develop a new protein assembly strategy using a pool of docking peptides from polyketide synthase and show its application in astaxanthin biosynthesis in E. coli.
Sustainable afterglow room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) Structural materials are difficult to achieve. Here, the authors demonstrate a wood based RTP material by oxidation of lignin to realize an afterglow RTP material with a lifetime of ~ 408 ms.
Additional roles for A-to-I editing of RNA continue to be uncovered. Niescierowicz et al. report prevalent A-to-I editing in the zebrafish transcriptome, and the distinct maternal and zygotic functions of the editing enzyme Adar in embryonic patterning and in the regulation of innate immune response, respectively.
Black carbon and dust deposition advanced the end of the snow season by 17 days on average over the last 40 years in the French Alps and the Pyrenees. The warming-induced snow cover decline was partly offset by decreases in black carbon deposition observed since the 1980s.
While alkaline water electrolysis offers a green means for hydrogen production, H2-evolving catalysts typically show worse activities in alkaline media than in acid. Here, authors examine IrMo intermetallics as electrocatalysts and identify a stably-adsorbed OH spectator in promoting performances.
The authors present an in-depth investigation of excited state dynamics and molecular mechanism of the voltage sensing in microbial rhodopsins. Using a combination of spectroscopic investigations and molecular dynamics simulations, the study proposes the voltage-modulated deprotonation of the chromophore as the key event in the voltage sensing. Thus, molecular constraints that may further improve the fluorescence quantum yield and the voltage sensitivity are presented.
Chemoresistance is a main limitation for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, the authors show that an antibody drug conjugate-like compound targeting both EGFR and HER2 overcomes gemcitabine resistance in PDAC preclinical models by mechanisms involving the tumour suppressor SMAD4.
While atomically dispersed metals can maximize reaction catalytic sites, it is challenging to achieve high atomic densities without agglomeration. Here, authors prepared Cu single-atoms on black phosphorous using a photochemical strategy and auxiliary H2 as proton reduction electrocatalysts.
Patients with diabetes have an increased susceptibility to infections. Here the authors show that high glucose impairs innate immunity through reduced levels of the antimicrobial peptide psoriasin and impaired epithelial barrier function, resulting in an increased risk of urinary tract infection.
Continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure remains a grand challenge in glaucoma care. Here the authors develop smart soft contact lenses for continuous 24-hour monitoring of intraocular pressure in human eyes, even during sleep.
Microbial production of cannabinoids promises a cheaper and more sustainable route to these important therapeutic molecules, but strain improvement and screening is challenging. Here, the authors develop a yeast-based Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) biosensor for screening microbial mutant libraries.
The response of soil organic carbon to climate warming may be soil depth-dependent, but remains unquantified in situ. Here the authors show that warming induces more proportional soil carbon losses in topsoil than in subsoil, particularly from high-latitudinal carbon-rich soils.
There are several proposals for quantum algorithms solving optimisation problems, but so far none of them has provided a clear speedup. Here, the authors propose an iterative protocol featuring periodic cycling around the tricritical point of a many-body localization transition.
Mapping higher order chromatin architecture is important. Here the authors use long sequencing reads to map genome-wide multi-way contacts and investigate higher order chromatin organisation; they use hypergraph theory for data representation and analysis, and apply this to different cell types.
Activity in the superficial layers of the sensory cortex is believed to be largely driven by incoming sensory stimuli. Here the authors demonstrate how learning changes neural responses to sensations according to both behavioral relevance and timing, suggesting a high degree of non-sensory modulation.
Membrane lipid composition is a key factor for bacterial stress adaptation. Here, authors show that ViaA and AAA+ ATPase RavA, alter lipid composition and modulate E. coli aminoglycoside sensitivity.
α-synuclein aggregates cause neuronal damage, but their heterogeneity complicates studying their toxic properties. Here, the authors analyze α-synuclein aggregates in vitro and study post-mortem brain samples, providing evidence that small aggregates are the main culprit for neuronal death in Parkinson’s disease.