Articles

Barley β-d-glucan glucohydrolase is a glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) enzyme critical for growth and development. Here the authors carryout mutagenesis, structural analyses and multi-scale molecular dynamics to examine the binding and conformational behaviour of several β-d-glucosides during the substrate-product assisted catalysis that operates in GH3 hydrolases.

Bayesian networks are applied to resolve several types of probabilistic problems. Here, Das et al. develop a stochastic computing hardware platform using two-dimensional memtransistors for the implementation of Bayesian network with high accuracy.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are effective vehicles to deliver mRNA vaccines and therapeutics but assessing the mRNA packaging characteristics in LNPs is challenging. Here, the authors report that mRNA and lipid contents in LNP formulations can be quantitatively examined by multi-laser cylindrical illumination confocal spectroscopy at the single-nanoparticle level.

SARS-CoV-2 mutations associated with the escape from antibody-mediated neutralization have been widely reported. Here, in a patient with defective antibody responses, the authors find a potential association between SARS-CoV-2 mutations and CD8 T alterations to implicate possible contributions of CD8 T cells in evasion of SARS-CoV-2 from host immunity.

Cytoplasmic organization is a hallmark of living cells. Here, the authors make use of self-organizing cell extracts to examine how the emergence of large-scale organizations influences the microscopic diffusion of protein molecules in the cytoplasm.

Here, Diot et al. use the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to identify off-target toxicity mechanisms for tamoxifen, and find that these include fatty acid metabolism and cell death, which can be modulated by different bacterial species.

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is critical for tissue-wide coordination and successful development. Here Jussila et al. generate a GFP-Vangl2 fusion for live imaging and discover a surprising directionality to the intercellular propagation of cell polarity, and ultimately link PCP defects with idiopathic scoliosis.

The challenge of high-speed and high-accuracy coherent photonic neurons for deep learning applications lies to solve noise related issues. Here, Mourgias-Alexandris et al. address this problem by introducing a noise-resilient hardware architectural and a deep learning training platform.

Low modulus materials that can change shape in response to external stimuli are promising for a wide range of applications. The authors here introduce a shape-reprogrammable construct, based on liquid metal microfluidic networks and electromagnetic actuation, that supports a unique collection of capabilities.

High-strength nanocrystalline materials come at the expense of tensile ductility, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. Here the authors report a nanodispersion-in-nanograins strategy where ultra-nano-carbon was used to concurrently achieve above four mutually exclusive properties.

Stably silenced genes with methylated CpG at the promoter are refractory to current CRISPR activation systems. Here the authors create a more robust activation system, TETact that recruits DNA-demethylating TET1 with transcriptional activators.

Designing efficient bio-inspired vision systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a bio-inspired striate visual cortex with binocular and orientation selective receptive field based on self-powered memristor to enable machine vision with brisk edge and corner detection in the future applications.

Anterior face patches in the macaque have been assumed to represent face identity in a holistic manner. Here the authors show that the neural encoding of face identity in the anterior medial and anterior fundus face patches are instead driven principally by local features.

Understanding myelination is important for CNS plasticity and disease. Here the authors show exocytosis mediated by the vesicular SNARE proteins VAMP2/3 is involved in oligodendrocyte membrane expansion.

In this study, the authors compare the transmission dynamics of the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants using household data from Denmark. They find that Omicron has a higher secondary attack rate, and that the odds of infection with Omicron was higher than with Delta, particularly for vaccinated individuals.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are interesting for nanophotonic applications due to their high refractive index and excitonic properties. Here, the authors report a scalable bottom-up fabrication method to realize arrays of TMDC metastructures showing dielectric optical modes and self-coupled exciton-polaritons.

Genetic mutations of insulin receptor (IR) cause severe insulin resistance syndromes with no current treatment or cure. Here, the authors present that insulin-independent IR activation mechanism by peptide agonist which activate non-functional IR mutants that cause the insulin resistance syndromes.

Here, Dekkers et al. characterize associations of 1528 gut metagenomic species with the plasma metabolome in 8583 participants of the SCAPIS Study, and find that gut microbiota explain up to 58% of the variance of individual plasma metabolites.

In this study, it is suggested that the daily PM₁₀ level in East Asia is remotely controlled by the convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean and western Pacific. This tropical modulation explains up to 15% of daily PM₁₀ variability in the region.

Stress granules are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, Wang et al. found intracellular energy deficiencies trigger a unique type of granules and disrupt granule disassembly through 4EBP1/eIF4A.