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Syntheses of quinine have fascinated organic chemists for over a hundred years. Here, the authors developed an organocatalyst-mediated pot-economical enantioselective total synthesis using five reaction vessels.
Rossby waves occur in rotating fluids. Here, the authors show observation of a Rossby wave second harmonic generation event in the middle atmosphere and confirm theoretically anticipated Rossby wave nonlinearity.
TGFβ signalling is reported to regulate hormone-responsive mammary epithelial progenitors that are associated with breast cancer risk. Here, the authors find that short-term TGFBR1 inhibition prevents tumour formation in rat breast cancer models and identify a TGFBR1 inhibition-responsive sub-population of mammary epithelial cells, which is associated with human breast cancer risk.
Bound states in the continuum can enhance light-matter interactions across a wide range of optical systems. Here, the authors present a design paradigm for creating pairs of bound states whose optical responses can be predictably controlled.
The early immune response following exposure to HCV is not fully explored. Here the authors use single cell analysis and immune profiling to relate the infection sequence and immune response to early HCV infection showing that exhausted phenotypes of T cells arise early post infection.
The role of non-neuronal glial cells in the regulation of adipose tissue function are incompletely understood. Here the authors report that stimulation of mediobasal hypothalamic astrocytes promotes inguinal white adipose tissue lipolysis in mice, dependent on the activation of the pro-opiomelanocortin neurons.
The neural mechanisms determining the speed of decisions and movements in the human brain remain poorly understood. Here, the authors reveal that the subthalamic nucleus causally controls decision and movement speed independently for each hemisphere.
Multiregion sequencing is needed to better capture the heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Here, the authors analyse HCC and iCCA tumours with multiregion single-cell RNA-seq, revealing cellular dynamics and communication networks with immune cells.
Phosphoproteomics is a promising tool for identifying biomarkers of treatment response in cancer. Here, the authors analyse proteomics profiling of HER2-negative female breast cancer patients and identify potential predictors of paclitaxel response.
Quasicrystals are perfectly ordered crystals lacking translational symmetry. Here the authors unravel the formation mechanism of two-dimensional dodecagonal quasicrystals that arise from systematic modifications of a hexagonal honeycomb structure.
The authors report several high-resolution functional snapshots of type III-E nuclease-protease Craspase complexes, revealing the mechanisms underlying target RNA cleavage and non-self RNA activated protease activities; and highlighting the potentials for the development of RNA-guided nuclease-protease Craspase-based tools for biotechnological applications.
Interaction-free measurements typically use repeated interrogations of an object that suppress the coherent evolution of the system. Dogra et al. demonstrate in a superconducting circuit a novel protocol that employs coherent repeated interrogations, and show that it yields a higher detection probability.
Early-life adversity (ELA) can lead to anxiety disorders, which are more prevalent and debilitating in women than men. Here, authors reveal how ELA interacts with neurosteroid synthesis in the hippocampus to drive avoidance behavior in female mice.
The neural circuits regulating REM sleep are poorly understood. The authors reveal that GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus suppress the onset and maintenance of REM sleep, and that projections of these neurons to the LDT and LH mediate distinct REM sleep transitions.
The realization of Jones matrix with full eight free parameters is particularly challenging. Here, the authors construct spatially varying Jones matrix with eight free parameters by cascading two-layer metasurfaces and use it for new optical functionalities.
It remains critical to identify colorectal cancers (CRC) that will disseminate as early as possible. Here, the authors identify CRC tumours that are aggressive and prone to early dissemination, characterised by epithelial TGFβ and growth-factor signalling - which could be targeted with MEK/EGFR inhibitors.
Many rodent species are known as hosts of zoonotic pathogens, but the ecological conditions that trigger spillover are not well-understood. Here, the authors show that population fluctuations and association with human-dominated habitats explain the zoonotic reservoir status of rodents globally.
Retrieving the pupil phase of a optical beam path is a central problem for imaging systems across scales. The authors use Diffractive Neural Networks to directly extract pupil phase information with a single, compact optoelectronic device.