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Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression. Here, the authors show AKT1 and AKT2 are reciprocally regulated in the RPE of DR donor tissue and diabetic mice, reducing Akt2 in RPE causing a compensatory increase in Akt1 and attenuating DR.
Spontaneous low-frequency oscillations, which are a feature of biological systems, are challenging to engineer into microrobotic systems. The authors discover a mechanism for asymmetry-induced order and realise electrical and mechanical oscillations in a particle collective to power a microrobotic arm.
The molecular and cellular underpinnings of cribriform prostate cancer aggressiveness remain to be explored. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA-sequencing, TCR sequencing and histology and reveal cancer cell intrinsic pathways and an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment.
Enterococcus faecalis has been reported to inhibit Candida albicans virulence via secretion of the bacteriocin EntV. Here, the authors present the crystal structure and characterise the antifungal properties of this peptide in numerous in vitro and in vivo assays.
Across phylae, excess manganese disrupts energy metabolism by unclear mechanisms. Here, Diessl et al. report that failure of mitochondrial bioenergetics upon manganese overload is due to mismetallation of a diiron enzyme crucial for CoQ biosynthesis
Deglacial forest expansion in the Northern Hemisphere poses a conundrum: Model results agree with the climate signal but are several millennia ahead of reconstructed forest dynamics. The underlying causes remain unsolved.
The integrator complex is required for the synthesis of protein coding and non-coding RNA and contains the protein INTS13. Here, the authors find germline mutations in INTS13 in two families with oral facial digital syndrome and show that the mutation affects the c-terminal domain of the protein and disrupts cilliogenesis.
Fiber-based micro-endoscopes are minimally invasive, but 3D imaging is limited by the need for bulky optical elements or rigid fibers. Here, the authors demonstrate holographic imaging through flexible and dynamically bent multi-core fibers by adding partially reflecting mirror to the distal fiber-tip.
The ecological and evolutionary impacts of disease vary in spatially structured populations. Here, the authors study ~4000 populations of Plantago lanceolata and find that resistance evolution depends on both disease history and population structure, with isolated populations more susceptible to fungal disease.
Large-scale silicon-based integrated artificial neural networks lack of silicon-integrated optical neurons. Here, Yu et al, report a self-monitored all-optical neural network enabled by nonlinear germanium-silicon photodiodes, making the photonic neural network more versatile and compact.
Bacterial cells at fluid interfaces can self-assemble into soft living materials, called pellicles. Here, Qin and Bassler use the bacterium Vibrio cholerae as a model system to identify regulatory and structural components that drive sequential mechanical instabilities underlying pellicle morphogenesis, culminating in fractal patterning.
Transition metal complexes are potential low-cost electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Here, using accessible spectrochemistry, the authors observe an intriguing baton relay-like mechanism of active site transfer during CO2 reduction to CO on a carbon-supported copper bis-(terpyridine) complex.
The leaf epidermis is sealed by a lipid-rich cuticle to prevent water loss and interspersed with stomatal pores to allow gas exchange. Here the authors provide evidence that two barley proteins, HvYDA1 and HvBRX-Solo, regulate both processes linking epidermal patterning with cuticular properties in a cereal crop.
Previous studies suggested a chemokine receptor governed gradient of Rac1 activity is essential for collective guidance of Drosophila border cells. Here, Zhou et al. report that two distinct Rac1 pools at protrusions and cables, not Rac1 activity gradient, integrate the direction and coordination for collective guidance.
There is a well-known behavioral tendency to repeat past decisions, but the neural basis of this tendency remains unclear. Here the authors show that persistent activity in parietal cortex seems to play a key role in these idiosyncratic choice repetition biases.
Plutella xylostella endures Bt toxins with no performance costs. This study reveals how, depending on the presence of the toxin, this insect modifies MAPK phosphorylation to modulate the transcription factor FTZ-F1 binding, to up- or down- regulate Bt receptors or non-receptor (resistant) paralogs.
Measuring sub-cellular pH with high accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution remains challenging. Here, Johnston and co-workers develop a pH biosensor that combines the pH dependant fluorescent lifetime of mApple with deep learning to accurately determine sub-cellular pH in individual vesicles.
Little is known about how proteostasis is maintained during viral infection. Here, the authors identify unexpected crosstalk between the calnexin cycle, ERAD, and reticulophagy, resulting in suppression of ebolavirus glycoprotein expression.
Lower concentrations of toxic cryoprotective agents require rapid and scalable rewarming techniques. Here, the authors report on a joule heating–based platform where samples are rapidly rewarmed by contact with a voltage pulsed electrical conductor and demonstrate the preservation of Drosophila embryos and rat kidney slices.
Improving the image depth perception of holograms while maintaining high image quality is a current challenge. Here the authors propose an efficient solution relying on a multi-plane hologram technique that reconstruct different blurred images and sharply focused images depending on a propagation distance.