Articles

The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders is unclear. Here, the authors show that genetic risk variants for multiple psychiatric disorders are enriched in regions of the genome active in the brain and in lymphoid cells, especially stimulated T cells, but not in myeloid cells.

Reducing of dimension is often necessary to detect and analyze patterns in large datasets and complex networks. Here, the authors propose a method for detection of the intrinsic dimensionality of high-dimensional networks to reproduce their complex structure using a reduced tractable geometric representation.

The SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern Omicron, has been reported to mainly use the endocytosis pathway for viral entry, bypassing the furin/TMPRSS2 pathway utilised by other variants. Here, the authors test a panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants in TMPRSS2 knock out mice to show that all tested variants, including Omicron, utilise this pathway in vivo.

Multiple models have been proposed for how diffusion is regulated to shape morphogen gradients. Here they use single molecule tracking of an activator-inhibitor signaling pair in a developing tissue to show how effective diffusivity is modulated in the extracellular space.

While water-splitting electrolysis offers a potential renewable means to store energy, the oxygen evolution half-reaction’s sluggish kinetics limits performances. Here, authors incorporation boron into nickel-iron hydroxide catalysts to promote electrocatalytic water oxidation activities

Successfully controlling an optical signal by a single gate photon would have great applicability for quantum networks and all-optical computing. Here, the authors realise a single-photon transistor in the microwave regime based on superconducting quantum circuits.

Constructing a minimal protein machinery for self-division of membrane compartments is a major goal of bottom-up synthetic biology. Here, authors achieved the assembly, placement and onset of contraction of a minimal division ring in lipid vesicles.

Generation of TNF-α in response to chemotherapy has been associated with chemo-resistance and metastasis propagation. Here the authors show that the combination of an anti-TNF antibody and cisplatin doublet chemotherapy increases anti-tumor efficacy in lung cancer preclinical models and report the results of a phase I clinical trial of the anti-TNF-α antibody certolizumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinomas.

Profiling antibody repertoires using proteomic approaches may provide a way of screening for antibody cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here the authors use a IgG1 specific cleavage method to analyse the IgG1 repertoire within recovered patients and relate this to antibody binding and neutralisation.

Hemispherical photodetectors allow wide sight angle without the complex optical paths of fisheye lenses. Here, Wei et al, report a spray-coated quasi-two-dimensional perovskite hemispherical photodetector with wavelength selective response from the visible to the near-infrared.

To remain functional throughout life, neuronal cells must maintain the ability to synthesize and release specific neurotransmitters. Here, the authors show that this ability critically depends on the activity of Hox proteins.

The development of photochromic systems is an important and growing area of research, in particular for bioactive molecular photoswitches. Here, the authors report on photopharmacological antimitotic agents, operational under visible light, based on a peptide-derived hemipiperazine photochrome.

The intrinsic high-concentration Ge vacancies in GeTe-based thermoelectric materials hinder their performance maximization. Here, the authors find that defect structure engineering strategy is effective for performance enhancement.

Electroreduction of CO₂ on single atom catalysts is often hindered by electron delocalization of the metal sites. To improve CO₂ activation, here the authors functionalize the carbon support with cyano moieties, thereby attenuating metal-substrate conjugation and improving CO₂ to CO conversion.

Genetic associations with particular patterns of brain folding may provide insight into brain development and function. Here, the authors identify and replicate 388 genetic associations with brain sulcal morphology across 40,169 UK Biobank MRI scans, revealing insights into the processes guiding cortical development and genetic correlations with neuropsychiatric phenotypes.

Alcohol consumption promotes neutral fat accumulation in the liver. Here, the authors report that alcohol induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR in the liver, and hepatocyte-specific AhR deletion protects against alcohol induced accumulation potentially via transcriptional regulation of Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bdelta and subsequent effects on autophagy.

Zhang et al. perform high-precision zinc (Zn) isotopic analysis on lavas from St. Helena Island in the Atlantic, and Cook-Austral Islands in the Pacific, and confirm that ancient superficial carbonates were transported into the deep mantle billions of years ago.

NADPH oxidase NOX2 produces superoxide, a reactive oxygen species essential in innate immunity. Here, the authors reveal the structure of the NOX2 core, rationalize disease-causing mutations, and suggest avenues for selective NOX2 pharmacological modulation.

Renal fibrosis is the main pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, the authors show that live B. fragilis can attenuate renal fibrosis via the upregulation of SGLT2, which contributes to renal reabsorption of 1,5-AG, and that 1,5-AG improves renal fibrosis via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Many bacteria employ unique membrane transport systems to survive harsh environmental conditions. Here, authors determined the structure of a cation/proton antiporter at high resolution and studied its mechanism by computer simulations.