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Furfural is an important platform chemical for the synthesis of next-generation bio-fuels. Here the authors report a novel heterogeneous catalyst, Pd-PdO/ZnSO4, for the mass production of furfural from catalytic flash pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomasses.
Ion mobility is used in mass spectrometers for structure analysis of biomolecules. Here, the authors show that ion mobility analysis in an ion trap under ultra-high fields enables isomer separation at resolutions over 10,000, wich they demonstrate for isomers of disaccharides, phospholipids, and peptides.
Kumar and colleagues report cryo-EM structures of ArabidopsisO-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY in its apo and GDP-fucose bound states, revealing distinct active-site features enabling GDP-fucose recognition and surprisingly dynamic conformations that regulate its enzymatic activity.
Antibodies directed against DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus are functionally diverse. This study demonstrates that DNAse1L3 is the primary target of a subset of autoantibodies previously considered specific for double-stranded DNA.
Faults responsible for the 2019 M7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake likely evolved through reactivation of pre-existing Independence dike swarm structures. The inherited rupture geometry strongly controlled the earthquake slip distribution.
Drosophila larvae may benefit each other at lower densities but compete at higher densities. Here, Verschut et al. identify a mechanism enabling Drosophila females to favor egg-laying sites containing medium concentrations of aggregation pheromones, which may facilitate choice of favorable sites.
Resolving the stoichiometry of membrane protein interactions is challenging but is vital to understand cell signalling. Using lipid-bound DNA receptors as a model for membrane proteins, the authors present a platform to achieve stoichiometric, spatial and temporal control over their interactions.
Despite their high brightness and long-lived emission, lanthanide based circularly polarised luminophores have not been fully exploited for real-life application. Here, the authors present an all solid-state circularly polarised luminescence camera to facilitate ad hoc time-resolved enantioselective differential chiral contrast-based one-shot photography that can be applied in life and material sciences.
Sensitive and accurate approaches for protein detection have many potential applications. Here the authors show how engineered protein nanopore sensors, consisting of a monobody fused to a single-polypeptide nanopore, can be used for highly specific detection of proteins in complex biofluids.
The molecular mechanisms that ensure faithful transcription of genetic information are still unclear. Chung et al. identify various genes, alleles and processes that affect the fidelity of transcription multiple organisms, suggesting evolutionary conservation of fidelity factors, and compare the error rate of transcription among these species.
Thermocatalytic alkynol semi-hydrogenation often uses high-pressure H2 and Pd-based catalysts. Here, using a Cu-based electrode, the authors investigate the electrocatalytic alkynol semi-hydrogenation to alkenols with water as the hydrogen source.
Efficient spatial targeting of interventions could reduce the spread of infections in transportation hubs. Here, the authors assess the optimal locations to target in Heathrow airport using disease transmission models informed by a contact network based on anonymised location data from 200,000 individuals.
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common cardiac defect and although highly heritable, few causal mutations have been identified. Here, the authors identify variants in the poly-histidine repeat motif of HOXA1 and show that its disruption leads to BAV in mice.
The Main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is key for viral replication, but its maturation process is still not completely understood. Here, the authors not only reveal unique details from the first step of maturation, but also demonstrate how different classes of inhibitor can block this step.
Here using drug susceptibility profiling, genomics and evolutionary studies the authors provide strategies to exploit collateral drug responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to prevent the emergence of drug resistance.
The reaction efficiency of reactants near plasmonic nanostructures can be enhanced under illumination. Here, the authors show that the activity of a Co porphyrin molecular catalyst bound to Au nanoparticles is enhanced by plasmonic effects, yielding a high photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate.
Examining the spatially resolved transcriptome of tissue sections promises advances in biomedical research. Here, the authors present xDBiT, a versatile, microfluidics-based approach to cost-effectively measure the spatial transcriptome of multiple tissue sections in parallel.