1. Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91905, Israel
2. Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel Street, Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
3. Postgraduate Research Institute for Sedimentology, Reading University, Reading RG6 6AB, UK

Correspondence to: Amos Frumkin¹ Email: msamos@mscc.huji.ac.il

Abstract

The historical credibility of texts from the Bible is often debated when compared with Iron Age archaeological finds (refs . 1, 2 and references therein). Modern scientific methods may, in principle, be used to independently date structures that seem to be mentioned in the biblical text, to evaluate its historical authenticity. In reality, however, this approach is extremely difficult because of poor archaeological preservation, uncertainty in identification, scarcity of datable materials, and restricted scientific access into well-identified worship sites. Because of these problems, no well-identified Biblical structure has been radiometrically dated until now. Here we report radiocarbon and U–Th dating of the Siloam Tunnel^{3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, proving its Iron Age II date; we conclude that the Biblical text presents an accurate historic record of the Siloam Tunnel's construction. Being one of the longest ancient water tunnels lacking intermediate shafts^{11, 12}, dating the Siloam Tunnel is a key to determining where and when this technological breakthrough took place. Siloam Tunnel dating also refutes a claim¹³ that the tunnel was constructed in the second century bc.