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Nature 415, 680-685 (7 February 2002) | doi:10.1038/415680a

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review article The economic and social burden of malaria

Jeffrey Sachs1,2 & Pia Malaney1

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Where malaria prospers most, human societies have prospered least. The global distribution of per-capita gross domestic product shows a striking correlation between malaria and poverty, and malaria-endemic countries also have lower rates of economic growth. There are multiple channels by which malaria impedes development, including effects on fertility, population growth, saving and investment, worker productivity, absenteeism, premature mortality and medical costs.