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Brief Communications
Nature 415, 599 (7 February 2002) | doi:10.1038/415599a
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Nanotechnology: Carbon nanothermometer containing gallium
Abstract
Gallium's macroscopic properties are retained on a miniature scale in this nanodevice.
Abstract
Many applications have been found for carbon nanotubes1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and we can now add a role as a 'nanothermometer' to this list. We describe how the height of a continuous, unidimensional column of liquid gallium inside a carbon nanotube (up to about 10 micrometres long and about 75 nanometres in diameter) varies linearly and reproducibly in the temperature range 50–500 °C, with an expansion coefficient that is the same as for gallium in the macroscopic state. We chose gallium as our thermal indicator because it has one of the greatest liquid ranges of any metal (29.78–2,403 °C) and a low vapour pressure even at high temperatures9. This nanothermometer should be suitable for use in a wide variety of microenvironments.
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