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Trapping an atom with single photons

Nature volume 404, pages 365–368 (2000)Cite this article

Abstract

The creation of a photon–atom bound state was first envisaged for the case of an atom in a long-lived excited state inside a high-quality microwave cavity1,2. In practice, however, light forces in the microwave domain are insufficient to support an atom against gravity. Although optical photons can provide forces of the required magnitude, atomic decay rates and cavity losses are larger too, and so the atom–cavity system must be continually excited by an external laser3,4. Such an approach also permits continuous observation of the atom's position, by monitoring the light transmitted through the cavity5,6,7,8,9. The dual role of photons in this system distinguishes it from other single-atom experiments such as those using magneto-optical traps10,11,12, ion traps13,14 or a far-off-resonance optical trap15. Here we report high-finesse optical cavity experiments in which the change in transmission induced by a single slow atom approaching the cavity triggers an external feedback switch which traps the atom in a light field containing about one photon on average. The oscillatory motion of the trapped atom induces oscillations in the transmitted light intensity; we attribute periodic structure in intensity-correlation-function data to ‘long-distance’ flights of the atom between different anti-nodes of the standing-wave in the cavity. The system should facilitate investigations of the dynamics of single quantum objects and may find future applications in quantum information processing.

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Figure 1: Atom–cavity system.
Figure 2: Experimental trajectories.
Figure 3: Atomic trajectory calculated with a quantum jump Monte Carlo method.
Figure 4: Short-time structure.

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Acknowledgements

We thank P. Münstermann for important contributions to the experiment. The experiments were performed at the University of Konstanz. Funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Optikzentrum Konstanz and the TMR network ‘Microlasers and Cavity QED' is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, Garching, 85748, Germany

    P. W. H. Pinkse, T. Fischer, P. Maunz & G. Rempe

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  1. P. W. H. Pinkse
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  2. T. Fischer
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  3. P. Maunz
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  4. G. Rempe
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Correspondence to G. Rempe.

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Pinkse, P., Fischer, T., Maunz, P. et al. Trapping an atom with single photons. Nature 404, 365–368 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35006006

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