Abstract
Spontaneous oxidation of guanine residues in DNA generates 8-oxoguanine (oxoG). By mispairing with adenine during replication, oxoG gives rise to a G·C → T·A transversion, a frequent somatic mutation in human cancers. The dedicated repair pathway for oxoG centres on 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1), an enzyme that recognizes oxoG·C base pairs, catalysing expulsion of the oxoG and cleavage of the DNA backbone. Here we report the X-ray structure of the catalytic core of hOGG1 bound to oxoG·C-containing DNA at 2.1 Å resolution. The structure reveals the mechanistic basis for the recognition and catalytic excision of DNA damage by hOGG1 and by other members of the enzyme superfamily to which it belongs. The structure also provides a rationale for the biochemical effects of inactivating mutations and polymorphisms in hOGG1. One known mutation, R154H, converts hOGG1 to a pro-mutator by relaxing the specificity of the enzyme for the base opposite oxoG.
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Acknowledgements
We thank E. Lawson for assisting in DNA synthesis and protein expression; H. Huang, Q. Fan, L. Chen, S. Ealick, A. Lau, S. Liemann, H. Nash and members of the Verdine, S. C. Harrison and D.C. Wiley laboratories for helpful discussions; C. Schafmeister, R. Crouse, M. Przetakiewicz, R. Sweet, C. Metz and the staff of the CHESS A1 and NSLS X12C synchrotron beamlines for invaluable help with data collection; and K. Haushalter and X. Zhang for critical reading of this manuscript. This research was funded by the NIH.
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Bruner, S., Norman, D. & Verdine, G. Structural basis for recognition and repair of the endogenous mutagen 8-oxoguanine in DNA. Nature 403, 859–866 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35002510
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35002510
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