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The conference of the members of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty must strive to continue the treaty, but not to make it perpetual; the world will need regular reminders of the hazards of proliferation for decades to come.
A tantalizing simulation of simple colliding particles in one dimension reveals a clumping tendency in which energy is by no means equally shared among them. The bearing of this on three-dimensional hydrodynamics is another matter.
Seismic tomography and the isotope geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks suggest the existence of a large, sheet-like region of upwelling in the upper mantle which extends from the eastern Atlantic Ocean to central Europe and the western Mediterranean. A belt of extension and rifting in the latter two areas appears to lie above the intersection of the centre of the upwelling region with the base of the lithosphere. Lead, strontium and neodymium isotope data for all three regions converge on a restricted composition, inferred to be that of the upwelling mantle.
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