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Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an integral part of the innate immune system. This Review discusses how ILC function is regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic metabolic pathways, and how ILCs contribute to metabolic disease.
Bar-Peled and Kory discuss how metabolic compartmentalization, defined as the spatial and temporal separation of pathways and components within a system, can shape organismal metabolism, while its dysregulation can lead to pathological states.
The author discusses how metabolic engagements and reconfiguration of immune and non-immune cells following virus recognition modulate the natural course of viral infections, and how such early metabolic alterations are likely to influence longer-term disease manifestations of infection.
This Review summarizes emerging concepts for diabetes therapy aimed at specifically altering β cell biology and function, such as β cell insulin signalling, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, as well as the selective killing of senescent β cells.
Measurements of oxygen consumption rates have been central to the resurgent interest in studying cellular metabolism. To enhance the overall reproducibility and reliability of these measurements, Divakaruni and Jastroch provide a guide advising on the selection of experimental models and instrumentation as well as the analysis and interpretation of data.
Nampoothiri et al. discuss the most recent literature that places glial cells as key mediators of energy balance through integration of peripheral signals in discrete brain regions, highlighting the relevance of glia in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases.
The hindbrain is mostly known to participate in eating behaviour by controlling short-term meal parameters and aversive responses to gut malaise. Cheng et al. review current evidence revealing non-aversive neuronal circuits in the hindbrain that are relevant for initiation and termination of homeostatic feeding, as well as for the long-term control of body weight.
Alcantara and Miranda-Tapia et al. discuss the central mechanisms that dictate eating behaviour, by dissecting the neural circuits involved in food procurement, food consumption, and meal termination.
Ozanne and colleagues discuss the evidence of sex differences in the response to suboptimal pre-conceptual and in utero environments, detail the biological mechanisms underlying the intergenerational inheritance of metabolic traits, and show how these sex differences can manifest as metabolic disease in adults.