Articles

The authors compute the gradient of the Milky Way’s heavy elements as though they were viewing our Galaxy from the outside. This will allow astronomers to compare Galactic measurements with those for other galaxies to understand how typical the Milky Way is.

The Zhurong rover measured in situ the Martian magnetic field vector at 16 sites. An average horizontal intensity of 11.2 ± 10.9 nT is recorded, substantially lower than the ~80 nT measured from orbit. Demagnetization over the entire Utopia Basin or at small scales around the Zhurong site might explain this difference.

A high-resolution global climate simulation of tidally locked rocky planets orbiting around M dwarfs with explicit convection resolves the behaviour of their clouds, determining the cloud properties and suggesting the frequent appearance of cloud streets affecting the planetary energy balance.

Multi-unit spectroscopic explorer observations of TW Hya trace the [O I] emission from the inner 1 au of the disk, arising from what is ostensibly a magnetothermal wind. This result questions the strength of the role of photoevaporation in disk dispersal and has implications for planet formation.

The extensive water plume that originates from Enceladus and extends up to 40 Enceladus radii is mapped and characterized by JWST. Data suggest a sustained and uninterrupted plume activity spanning decades and a surface dominated by crystalline H₂O ice. No other molecules were detected in gaseous form.

Analysis of a large sample of double-mode RR Lyrae stars shows that they are robust distance and metallicity indicators. Considering that the number of double-mode RR Lyr stars is comparable with that of classical Cepheids, they would be excellent distance tracers for older objects in the near-field universe.

J191213.72-441045.1, the second white dwarf pulsar system found, is a binary that comprises a white dwarf in a 4.03 h orbit with an M dwarf. The system exhibits pulsed emission with a period of 5.30 min and was detected at wavelengths from radio to X-rays.

Following a recalibration of the direction and energy of neutrinos detected by IceCube, a reanalysis using a quantum-gravity model finds stronger evidence for subluminal neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts, which are slowed down by quantum spacetime properties.

The radial-velocity technique could detect a small gas giant orbiting a binary star and determine its mass: 65.2 ± 11.8 Earth masses. The system also hosts a smaller inner planet, making it one of the few known multiplanetary circumbinary systems.

The presence of NaCl crystals within the sample gathered from S-type asteroid Itokawa and genetically linked to the surrounding plagioclase indicates the presence of an active hydrothermal system within Itokawa, contrary to the assumption that parent asteroids of ordinary chondrites were relatively water-depleted.

SN 2022qmx, dubbed SN Zwicky, is a rare, gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova, magnified by a factor of 25, discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility. Follow-up Keck observations reveal four multiple images with unusually small separation.

A Bayesian approach to comparing the effects of accretion disks, dark matter or clouds of ultra-light bosons on gravitational waveforms from a black hole binary system concludes that detectors such as LISA can distinguish between these environments.

A rare case of a quasar acting as a gravitational lens allows a precise determination of the mass of the quasar’s host galaxy and offers a new path to studying the connections between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies.

Strong X-ray emission from a population of radio jets shows variability that supports a model of synchrotron emission by a secondary population of electrons boosted to teraelectronvolt energies within a small volume of a jet.

High-resolution observations reveal fibril motions in the chromospheric umbra of a sunspot, providing a potential energy source for coronal heating.

An analysis of 1,055 planets around main sequence stars identifies three subsamples of star–planet synchronization: subsynchronized, dominant for periods shorter than 6.2 days; supersynchronized, for periods longer than 13.5 days; and a transitional regime in between. Synchronized systems are a minority, contrary to eclipsing binaries.

Torsional waves extend into the deep interior of Jupiter where they can modulate the outgoing heat flux and couple with Jupiter’s weather layer to generate the observed quasi-periodic oscillations in the cloud deck. Such waves can be used to explore the interior structure of gas giants.

High-resolution simulations of the small-scale dynamo (SSD) mechanism, with close-to-realistic parameters of deep stellar convection zones, indicate that SSDs are possible in the Sun and other cool stars, in contrast to previous theoretical expectations.

Isotopic and petrological analysis of nine angrite meteorites shows evidence of impact mixing between the angrite parent body and a ¹⁷O-rich body that occurred 2–3 Myr after Solar System formation, supporting a Grand Tack-like scenario.

Measurements by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter reveal a depletion of heavy CO isotopes in Mars’s atmosphere caused by photochemistry-induced fractionation. The observed depletion in heavy C has implications for our understanding of C escape to space and the formation of organic material on Mars’s surface.