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The case for including more female mice in research
Male mice have been the default in scientific experiments for decades, based on the assumption that hormonal fluctuations across the estrous cycle make females more variable than males. In a News & Views this month, Bronwyn Graham discusses recent findings showing that the estrous phase had little effect on the exploratory behavior of female mice, and that female mice were actually less variable than males.
A recent study performed directed C5-cytosine methylation of CpG islands to demonstrate that acquired methylation at critical loci could be reestablished for multiple generations in mice. This work provides a manipulatable system to examine how non-genetic information is transmitted across generations to regulate complex phenotypes.
New research using high-dimensional behavioural analyses has further undermined the “females are the more variable sex” trope that often accompanies all-male studies. But when we consider the benefits to the inclusion of females in research, their lesser variability is only the icing on the cake. It’s just good science, really.